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US-12623908-B2 - Activated carbon doped for bismuth oxy-iodide-based nanocomposites

US12623908B2US 12623908 B2US12623908 B2US 12623908B2US-12623908-B2

Abstract

Aspects of the present disclosure are directed towards a method for producing an activated carbon/bismuth oxy-iodide nanocomposite. The method includes heating a glycol solution including Bi(NO 3 ) 3 ·5H 2 O and activated carbon to 100° C. The method includes heating a glycol solution includes potassium iodide to 100° C. The method includes adding the glycol solution including Bi(NO 3 ) 3 ·5H 2 O and activated carbon and the glycol solution including potassium iodide to a reaction vessel including a solvent to form a reaction mixture. The method includes chilling the reaction mixture to ambient temperature. The method includes filtering the reaction mixture to obtain the activated carbon/bismuth oxy-iodide nanocomposite.

Inventors

  • Babiker Yagoub Elhadi Abdulkhair
  • Mohamed Khairy Omran
  • Faisal K. Algethami

Assignees

  • IMAM MOHAMMAD IBN SAUD ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY

Dates

Publication Date
20260512
Application Date
20241008

Claims (20)

  1. 1 . A nanocomposite, comprising, relative to total nanocomposite weight: bismuth oxy-iodide in at least 90 wt. %; and activated carbon in a range of from 1 to 10 wt. %, wherein the bismuth oxy-iodide comprises the iodine in a range of from 27 to 35 wt. %, the bismuth in a range of from 60 to 62 wt. %, and the oxygen in I to 5 wt. % wherein the activated carbon is in a form of particles and/or particulate aggregates having micropores and mesopores, wherein the particles of the activated carbon are substantially spherical such that a distance from an activated carbon particle center of mass to anywhere on the activated carbon particle outer surface varies by less than 30%, wherein the bismuth oxy-iodide in the nanocomposite has tetragonal hollow nanosphere structures, wherein the activated carbon has a surface area in a range of from 500 to 5000 m 2 /g, wherein the nanocomposite has a crystal size in a range of from 11.7 to 47.9 nm, wherein the nanocomposite has a crystal lattice size in a range of from 0.022 to 0.023 Å, wherein the nanocomposite has a lattice strain in a range of from 0.604 to 0.607 Å, and wherein the nanocomposite comprises no graphene, carbon nanofibers, or nanotubes.
  2. 2 . The nanocomposite of claim 1 , wherein the activated carbon/bismuth oxy-iodide nanocomposite comprises carbon in a range of from 1.2 to 10 wt. %.
  3. 3 . The nanocomposite of claim 1 , wherein the activated carbon/bismuth oxy-iodide nanocomposite comprises carbon in a range of from 1.2 to 1.5 wt. %.
  4. 4 . The nanocomposite of claim 1 , comprising the activated carbon in a range of from 1.0 to 1.69 wt. %.
  5. 5 . The nanocomposite of claim 1 , comprising the activated carbon in a range of from 1.0 to 1.21 wt. %.
  6. 6 . The nanocomposite of claim 1 , comprising the activated carbon in a range of from 1.21 to 1.69 wt. %.
  7. 7 . The nanocomposite of claim 1 , having 1.0 wt. % of activated carbon and a particle size of from 32.2 to 36.7 nm.
  8. 8 . The nanocomposite of claim 1 , having 1.21 wt. % of activated carbon and a particle size of from 11.7 to 29.4 nm.
  9. 9 . The nanocomposite of claim 1 , having 1.69 wt. % of activated carbon and a particle size of from 26.9 to 47.9 nm.
  10. 10 . The nanocomposite of claim 1 , wherein the distance from the activated carbon particle center of mass to anywhere on the activated carbon particle outer surface varies by less than 20%.
  11. 11 . The nanocomposite of claim 1 , wherein the distance from the activated carbon particle center of mass to anywhere on the activated carbon particle outer surface varies by less than 10%.
  12. 12 . The nanocomposite of claim 1 , having a dielectric constant, at ambient temperature, in a range of greater than 8 to 34.55.
  13. 13 . The nanocomposite of claim 1 , comprising at least 98.5 wt. % of the bismuth oxy-iodide.
  14. 14 . The nanocomposite of claim 1 , consisting of the bismuth oxy-iodide and the activated carbon.
  15. 15 . The nanocomposite of claim 1 , wherein the crystal size of the nanocomposite is in a range of from 15.08 to 34.8 nm.
  16. 16 . A method for producing the nanocomposite of claim 1 , the method comprising: heating a glycol solution comprising Bi(NO 3 ) 3 ·5H 2 O and activated carbon to 100° C.; heating a glycol solution comprising potassium iodide to 100° C.; adding the glycol solution comprising Bi(NO 3 ) 3 ·5H 2 O and activated carbon and the glycol solution comprising potassium iodide to a reaction vessel comprising a solvent to form a reaction mixture; chilling the reaction mixture to ambient temperature; and filtering the reaction mixture to obtain the activated carbon/bismuth oxy-iodide nanocomposite.
  17. 17 . The method of claim 16 , wherein the glycol solution comprises ethylene glycol.
  18. 18 . The method of claim 16 , wherein the concentration of Bi(NO 3 ) 3 ·5H 2 O in the reaction mixture is in a range from 0.05 to 0.25 M.
  19. 19 . The method of claim 16 , wherein the concentration of potassium iodide in the reaction mixture is in a range from 0.05 to 0.25 M.
  20. 20 . The method of claim 16 , wherein the amount of activated carbon in the glycol solution comprising Bi(NO 3 ) 3 ·5H 2 O and activated carbon is greater than or equal to 10% of the amount of Bi(NO 3 ) 3 ·5H 2 O present.

Description

STATEMENT REGARDING PRIOR DISCLOSURE BY THE INVENTORS Aspects of the present disclosure are described in Khairy, M., et. al, “Enhancing the Conductivity and Dielectric Characteristics of Bismuth Oxyiodide via Activated Carbon Doping” Molecules, Issue 29, 2024, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. BACKGROUND Technical Field The present disclosure is directed to a nanocomposite, particularly to a method of synthesis of activated carbon/BiOI (bismuth oxy-iodide) nanocomposites for enhancement of electrical properties. Description of Related Art The “background” description provided herein is for the purpose of generally presenting the context of the disclosure. Work of the presently named inventors, to the extent it is described in this background section, as well as aspects of the description which may not otherwise qualify as prior art at the time of filing, are neither expressly nor impliedly admitted as prior art against the present disclosure. Innovative metal oxide-carbon hybrid materials have garnered interest and find use in several fields, such as electronics, energy storage devices, solid-state gas sensors, gas and liquid adsorption, photocatalysis, heterogeneous catalysis, and solar cells. Activated carbon (AcC) has extraordinary unique characteristics and excellent surface properties, including pore size, structure, surface area, and chemical and thermal stability. These factors made AcC a plausible candidate for gas separation, water treatment, electrode material, supercapacitors, and lithium-ion batteries. Moreover, the electrochemical performance of carbon-based electrocatalysts is mainly determined by the characteristics of the carbon support, particularly its electrical conductivity. Several metal oxide (TiO2, Fe2O3, ZnO, WO3, and SnO2) supported nanoparticles on AcC also may encompass metal hydroxides and oxyhydroxides Ni(OH)2, and α-FeO(OH), and metals (Pt, Au, and Ag) [See: Huang, Q.; Wang, X.; Li, J.; Dai, C.; Gamboa, S.; Sebastian, P. Nickel hydroxide/activated carbon composite electrodes for electrochemical capacitors. J. Power Sources 2007, 164, 425-429; and Roosta, M.; Ghaedi, M.; Mohammadi, M. Removal of Alizarin Red S by gold nanoparticles loaded on activated carbon combined with ultrasound device: Optimization by experimental design methodology. Powder Technol. 2014, 267, 134-144]. Recent articles provided diverse preparations and uses of metal oxides supported on carbonaceous materials [See: Barroso-Bogeat, A.; Fernández-González, C.; Alexandre-Franco, M.; Gómez-Serrano, V. Activated carbon as a metal oxide support: A review. In Activated Carbon: Classifications, Properties and Applications; Nova Science Publishers: New York, NY, USA, 2011; pp. 297-318; and Algethami, F. K.; Elamin, M. R.; Abdulkhair, B. Y.; Al-Zharani, M.; Qarah, N. A.; Alghamdi, M. A. Fast fabrication of bismuth oxyiodide/carbon-nanofibers composites for efficient anti-proliferation of liver and breast cancer cells. Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 2021, 647, 1921-1929]. The aforementioned carbon-based nanocomposites' overall chemical and physical properties are influenced by both the interfaces and the grain boundaries in addition to the inherent properties of the individual ingredients. It is commonly known that electrical conductivity has a major role in determining the performance and applicability of these materials as electrode materials in energy storage devices, including fuel cells, lithium-ion batteries, and supercapacitors. However, several investigations have discovered a relationship between different metal oxides' electrical conductivity and their capacity for catalysis and gas sensing. Thus, it becomes evident that the exact measurement and comparison of electrical conductivity is a preferred method for assessing numerous potential applications of carbon-based composites, incorporating nanoparticles of different metal oxides. BiOI, or bismuth oxy-iodide, is a promising active material with a unique layered structure, cheap cost, and semiconducting properties for various electrical and electrochemical applications. The crystal structure is tetragonal, with two slabs of iodide ions ensconced within an open-layered crystal structure of [Bi2O2]2+ layers. Ion diffusion and electron transport are facilitated by the characteristic layered structure. However, BiOI has relatively poor intrinsic electronic conductivity, therefore, creating two-dimensional structures and adding oxygen vacancies are efficient ways to raise electrochemical active sites and enhance electronic conductivity [See: Wang, H.; Wang, Z.; Tian, H.; Cheng, R.; Lin, M.; Sun, X.; Ran, S.; Lv, Y. Two dimensional oxygen-deficient bismuth oxy-iodide nanosheets with enhanced supercapacitor performances. Int. J. Electrochem. Sci. 2020, 15, 7982-7993]. Although a few nanocomposites of BiOI have been developed in the past to enhance their electrical and electrochemical properties, most of these nanocomposites are laborious to prepare,