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US-12624304-B2 - Lubricating oil compositions

US12624304B2US 12624304 B2US12624304 B2US 12624304B2US-12624304-B2

Abstract

Disclosed is a lubricating oil composition which comprises: (a) a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. in a range of about 2 to about 50 mm 2 /s, (b) an overbased metal salt of an alkyl-substituted phenate detergent, wherein the alkyl group is derived from an isomerized normal alpha olefin having from about 10 to about 40 carbon atoms per molecule and having an isomerization level (I) of the normal alpha olefin of from about 0.1 to about 0.4 in an amount to provide at least 1000 ppm of calcium, (c) one or more magnesium-containing detergents having about 100 to about 1000 ppm of magnesium, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, and (d) one or more zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate compounds derived from a primary alcohol.

Inventors

  • Claire Chommeloux
  • Alexander Boffa

Assignees

  • CHEVRON ORONITE COMPANY LLC

Dates

Publication Date
20260512
Application Date
20190618

Claims (20)

  1. 1 . A lubricating oil composition comprising: (a) a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity (b) an overbased metal salt of an alkyl-substituted phenate detergent, wherein the alkyl group is derived from an isomerized normal alpha olefin having from about 10 to about 40 carbon atoms per molecule and having an isomerization level (I) of the normal alpha olefin of from about 0.1 to about 0.4 in an amount to provide at least 1000 ppm of calcium, (c) one or more magnesium-containing detergents having about 100 to about 1000 ppm of magnesium, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition; (d) one or more zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate compounds, wherein at least one zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate is derived from a primary alcohol; and (e) one or more zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate compounds derived from a secondary alcohol, wherein the molar ratio of the primary alcohol of the one or more zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate compounds derived from a primary alcohol to the secondary alcohol of the one or more zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate compounds derived from a secondary alcohol is from 80:20 to 20:80.
  2. 2 . The lubricating oil composition of claim 1 , wherein the major amount of the oil of lubricating viscosity is greater than 50 wt. %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition.
  3. 3 . The lubricating oil composition of claim 1 , wherein the alkyl group of the alkyl-substituted phenate detergent is derived from an isomerized normal alpha olefin having from about 14 to about 30.
  4. 4 . The lubricating oil composition of claim 1 , wherein the alkyl group of the alkyl-substituted phenate detergent is derived from an isomerized normal alpha olefin having from about 20 to about 28.
  5. 5 . The lubricating oil composition of claim 1 , wherein the isomerized normal alpha olefin of the alkyl-substituted phenate detergent has an isomerization level (I) of from about 0.10 to about 0.30.
  6. 6 . The lubricating oil composition of claim 1 , wherein the overbased metal salt of an alkyl-substituted phenate detergent has a total base number (TBN) of from about 100 to about 600 mg KOH/gram on an oil free basis.
  7. 7 . The lubricating oil composition of claim 1 , wherein the overbased metal salt of an alkyl-substituted phenate detergent is an overbased calcium salt of an alkyl-substituted phenate detergent.
  8. 8 . The lubricating oil composition of claim 1 , wherein the one or more magnesium-containing detergents are one or more of a magnesium sulfonate, magnesium phenate, and a magnesium salicylate.
  9. 9 . The lubricating oil composition of claim 1 , wherein the one or more magnesium-containing detergents are one or more overbased magnesium-containing detergents.
  10. 10 . The lubricating oil composition of claim 1 , further comprising one or more zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate compounds derived from a secondary alcohol, wherein the molar ratio of the primary alcohol of the one or more zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate compounds derived from a primary alcohol to the secondary alcohol of the one or more zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate compounds derived from a secondary alcohol is from about 80:20 to about 20:80.
  11. 11 . The lubricating oil composition of claim 1 , comprising from about 10 ppm to about 5000 of metal derived from the overbased metal salt of the alkyl-substituted phenate detergent, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition and about 0.01 wt. % to about 0.12 wt. % of phosphorus derived from the one or more zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate compounds, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition.
  12. 12 . The lubricating oil composition of claim 1 , further comprising at least one additive selected from the group consisting of antioxidants, rust inhibitors, dehazing agents, demulsifying agents, metal deactivating agents, friction modifiers, pour point depressants, antifoaming agents, co-solvents, corrosion-inhibitors, ashless dispersants, multifunctional agents, dyes, extreme pressure agents and mixtures thereof.
  13. 13 . A method comprising the step of operating an internal combustion engine with a lubricating oil composition comprising (a) a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity (b) an overbased metal salt of an alkyl-substituted phenate detergent, wherein the alkyl group is derived from an isomerized normal alpha olefin having from about 10 to about 40 carbon atoms per molecule and having an isomerization level (I) of the normal alpha olefin of from about 0.1 to about 0.4, (c) one or more magnesium-containing detergents having about 100 to about 2000 ppm of magnesium, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition; (d) one or more zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate compounds, wherein at least one zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate is derived from a primary alcohol; and (e) one or more zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate compounds derived from a secondary alcohol, wherein the molar ratio of the primary alcohol of the one or more zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate compounds derived from a primary alcohol to the secondary alcohol of the one or more zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate compounds derived from a secondary alcohol is from 80:20 to 20:80.
  14. 14 . The method of claim 13 , wherein the alkyl group of the alkyl-substituted phenate detergent is derived from an isomerized normal alpha olefin having from about 20 to about 28 and an isomerization level (I) of from about 0.10 to about 0.30.
  15. 15 . The method of claim 13 , wherein the overbased metal salt of an alkyl-substituted phenate detergent has a TBN of from about 100 to about 600 mg KOH/gram on an oil free basis.
  16. 16 . The method of claim 13 , wherein the one or more magnesium-containing detergents are one or more of a magnesium sulfonate, magnesium phenate, and a magnesium salicylate.
  17. 17 . The method of claim 13 , wherein the lubricating oil composition further comprises one or more zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate compounds derived from a secondary alcohol, wherein the molar ratio of the primary alcohol of the one or more zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate compounds derived from a primary alcohol to the secondary alcohol of the one or more zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate compounds derived from a secondary alcohol is from about 80:20 to about 20:80.
  18. 18 . The method of claim 13 , wherein the lubricating oil composition comprises from about 10 ppm to about 5000 of metal derived from the overbased metal salt of the alkyl-substituted phenate detergent, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition and about 0.01 wt. % to about 0.12 wt. % of phosphorus derived from the one or more zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate compounds, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition.
  19. 19 . The method of claim 13 , wherein the lubricating oil composition further comprises at least one additive selected from the group consisting of antioxidants, rust inhibitors, dehazing agents, demulsifying agents, metal deactivating agents, friction modifiers, pour point depressants, antifoaming agents, co-solvents, corrosion-inhibitors, ashless dispersants, multifunctional agents, dyes, extreme pressure agents and mixtures thereof.
  20. 20 . The method of claim 13 , wherein the internal combustion engine is a compression ignition engine.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The disclosed technology relates to lubricants for internal combustion engines, particularly those for compression ignition engines. BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE Automobile spark ignition and diesel engines have valve train systems including, for example, valves, cams and rocker arms, which present special lubrication concerns. It is important that the lubricant, i.e., the engine oil, provides oxidation stability and suppresses the production of deposits in the engines to keep engine parts clean and extend engine life and oil drain intervals. Such deposits are produced from non-combustibles and incomplete combustion of hydrocarbon fuels (e.g., gasoline and diesel fuel oil) and by the deterioration of the engine oil employed. It is also important that the lubricant protects these parts from wear. Engine oils typically use a mineral oil or a synthetic oil as a base oil. However, simple base oils alone do not provide the necessary properties to provide the necessary oxidation stability, deposit control, etc., required to protect internal combustion engines. Thus, base oils are formulated with various additives, for imparting auxiliary functions, such as ashless dispersants, metallic detergents (i.e., metal-containing detergents), antiwear agents, and antioxidants, to provide a formulated oil (i.e., a lubricating oil composition). A number of such engine oil additives are known and employed in practice. For example, detergents are usually contained in the commercially available internal composition engine oils, especially those used for automobiles, for their detergency and antioxidant properties. One such example of detergents includes phenates. Low molecular weight alkylphenols such as tetrapropenyl phenol (TPP) have been used as a raw material by producers of sulfurized, overbased phenates. However, there is still a need to improve wear performance, such that oxidation performance is not impacted. Accordingly, despite the advances in lubricant oil formulation technology, there still exists a need for retaining the antiwear properties while also improving oxidation performance of the engine oils. SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE In accordance with one illustrative embodiment, a lubricating oil composition is provided which comprises: (a) a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. in a range of about 2 to about 50 mm2/s,(b) an overbased metal salt of an alkyl-substituted phenate detergent, wherein the alkyl group is derived from an isomerized normal alpha olefin having from about 10 to about 40 carbon atoms per molecule and having an isomerization level (I) of the normal alpha olefin of from about 0.1 to about 0.4,(c) one or more magnesium-containing detergents having about 100 to about 2000 ppm of magnesium, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, and(d) one or more zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate compounds derived from a primary alcohol. In accordance with another illustrative embodiment, a method is provided comprising the step of operating an internal combustion engine with a lubricating oil composition comprising (a) a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. in a range of about 2 to about 50 mm2/s, (b) an overbased metal salt of an alkyl-substituted phenate detergent, wherein the alkyl group is derived from an isomerized normal alpha olefin having from about 10 to about 40 carbon atoms per molecule and having an isomerization level (I) of the normal alpha olefin of from about 0.1 to about 0.4,(c) one or more magnesium-containing detergents having about 100 to about 2000 ppm of magnesium, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, and(d) one or more zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate compounds derived from a primary alcohol. The lubricating oil compositions of the present disclosure advantageously improve oxidation, deposit control, detergency, and thermal stability of the lubricating oil performance of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DISCLOSURE To facilitate the understanding of the subject matter disclosed herein, a number of terms, abbreviations or other shorthand as used herein are defined below. Any term, abbreviation or shorthand not defined is understood to have the ordinary meaning used by a skilled artisan contemporaneous with the submission of this application. Definitions In this specification, the following words and expressions, if and when used, have the meanings given below. A “major amount” means in excess of 50 wt. % of a composition. “Active ingredients” or “actives” refer to additive material that is not diluent or solvent. All percentages reported are weight % on an active ingredient basis (i.e., without regard to carrier or diluent oil) unless otherwise stated. The term “ppm” means parts per million by weight, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition. Kinematic viscosity at 100° C. (KV100) was determined in accor