US-12624630-B2 - Long-term monitoring apparatus and method for surrounding rock fracture evolution process triggered by multiple-source dynamic disturbances

US12624630B2US 12624630 B2US12624630 B2US 12624630B2US-12624630-B2

Abstract

Provided are a long-term monitoring apparatus and method for surrounding rock fracture evolution process triggered by multiple-source dynamic disturbances. The apparatus includes a machine body framework, a borehole wall surrounding rock image acquisition module, a borehole wall multiple-source vibration monitoring module, an in-borehole walking module, and a monitoring signal storage and transmission module. The borehole wall surrounding rock image acquisition module, the borehole wall multiple-source vibration monitoring module, the in-borehole walking module, and the monitoring signal storage and transmission module are sequentially arranged on the machine body framework from front to back. The monitoring signal storage and transmission module is connected in a communicative manner to a computer outside a borehole. The present invention can achieve integrated monitoring of imaging and vibration within a borehole. Also, the present invention can achieve long-term continuous monitoring of the fracture evolution process of surrounding rock in risk regions.

Inventors

Benguo HE
Xiangrui Meng
Xiating FENG
Jie Wang
HongPu Li
Hengyuan ZHANG

Assignees

NORTHEASTERN UNIVERSITY

Dates

Publication Date: 20260512
Application Date: 20250410
Priority Date: 20240914

Claims (4)

1 . A long-term monitoring apparatus for a surrounding rock fracture evolution process triggered by multiple-source dynamic disturbances, comprising a machine body framework, a borehole wall surrounding rock image acquisition module, a borehole wall multiple-source vibration monitoring module, an in-borehole walking module, and a monitoring signal storage and transmission module, wherein the borehole wall surrounding rock image acquisition module is disposed at a foremost end of the machine body framework; the borehole wall multiple-source vibration monitoring module is disposed on the machine body framework behind the borehole wall surrounding rock image acquisition module; the in-borehole walking module is disposed on the machine body framework behind the borehole wall multiple-source vibration monitoring module; and the monitoring signal storage and transmission module is disposed at a rearmost end of the machine body framework and the monitoring signal storage and transmission module is connected to a computer outside a borehole via a cable or wireless network; wherein the borehole wall multiple-source vibration monitoring module comprises a sensor lifting actuator and a triaxial vibration monitoring sensor assembly, wherein the sensor lifting actuator is disposed on the machine body framework, and the triaxial vibration monitoring sensor assembly is disposed on the sensor lifting actuator; wherein the sensor lifting actuator comprises a first electric push rod, a first translation slide rod, a first connecting rod, a lifting support frame, a first lifting slide rod, and a second lifting slide rod, wherein the first electric push rod is horizontally fixed to a bottom portion of the machine body framework, a power output shaft end of the first electric push rod is hinged to a middle portion of the first translation slide rod, and the first translation slide rod is perpendicularly disposed relative to the first electric push rod; the machine body framework is provided with a horizontal slide groove; an end of the first translation slide rod is located in the horizontal slide groove and the first translation slide rod has a linear translation degree of freedom along the horizontal slide groove; the first connecting rod is a parallel double-rod structure, a lower end of the first connecting rod is hinged to the first translation slide rod, and an upper end of the first connecting rod is hinged to a middle portion of the lifting support frame; the lifting support frame is horizontally disposed, and the triaxial vibration monitoring sensor assembly is mounted above the lifting support frame; the first lifting slide rod is horizontally mounted at a front end of the lifting support frame, the second lifting slide rod is horizontally mounted at a rear end of the lifting support frame, and the first lifting slide rod, the second lifting slide rod, and the first translation slide rod are arranged in parallel; the machine body framework is provided with a first vertical slide groove and a second vertical slide groove; an end of the first lifting slide rod is located in the first vertical slide groove and the first lifting slide rod has a linear lifting degree of freedom along the first vertical slide groove; and an end of the second lifting slide rod is located in the second vertical slide groove and the second lifting slide rod has a linear lifting degree of freedom along the second vertical slide groove; wherein the in-borehole walking module comprises a lower walking motor, a lower walking wheel, a first upper walking motor, a first upper walking wheel, a second upper walking motor, a second upper walking wheel, and an upper walking wheel lifting actuator, wherein the lower walking motor is horizontally fixed to a bottom portion of the machine body framework, and the lower walking wheel is mounted on a motor shaft of the lower walking motor; the upper walking wheel lifting actuator is disposed above the machine body framework; the first upper walking motor and the second upper walking motor are arranged side by side on the upper walking wheel lifting actuator; the first upper walking wheel is mounted on a motor shaft of the first upper walking motor; the second upper walking wheel is mounted on a motor shaft of the second upper walking motor; and a first lower driven wheel is disposed at a front end of the machine body framework, and a second lower driven wheel is disposed at a rear end of the machine body framework; wherein the upper walking wheel lifting actuator comprises a second electric push rod, a second translation slide rod, a horizontal slide rail, a second connecting rod, a first rocker, a second rocker, and a third connecting rod, wherein the second electric push rod is horizontally arranged above the machine body framework, a power output shaft of the second electric push rod is hinged to a middle portion of the second translation slide rod, and the second translation slide rod is perpendicularly disposed relative to the second electric push rod; the horizontal slide rail is a parallel double-rail structure, the horizontal slide rail is disposed on the machine body framework on two sides of the second electric push rod, an end of the second translation slide rod is located in the horizontal slide rail, and the second translation slide rod has a linear translation degree of freedom along the horizontal slide rail; the first rocker is a parallel double-rod structure, a lower end of the first rocker is hinged to the machine body framework, the first rocker is adjacent to the borehole wall multiple-source vibration monitoring module, and the first upper walking motor is fixedly mounted at an upper end of the first rocker, the second rocker is a parallel double-rod structure, a lower end of the second rocker is hinged to the machine body framework, the second rocker is adjacent to the monitoring signal storage and transmission module, and the second upper walking motor is fixedly mounted to an upper end of the second rocker; the second connecting rod is a parallel double-rod structure, a lower end of the second connecting rod is hinged to the middle portion of the second translation slide rod, and an upper end of the second connecting rod is hinged to a middle portion of the second rocker; the third connecting rod is a parallel double-rod structure, a front end of the third connecting rod is hinged to a middle portion of the first rocker, and a rear end of the third connecting rod is hinged to the middle portion of the second rocker; and the first rocker, the third connecting rod, the second rocker, and the machine body framework form a parallelogram mechanism.
2 . The long-term monitoring apparatus for the surrounding rock fracture evolution process triggered by the multiple-source dynamic disturbances according to claim 1 , wherein the borehole wall surrounding rock image acquisition module comprises a 360° panoramic camera, a transparent protective cover, LED lights, and conical reflectors; wherein the 360° panoramic camera is disposed at a center of the transparent protective cover; the LED lights are located in the transparent protective cover and the LED lights are uniformly distributed along a circumferential direction of the 360° panoramic camera; and each LED light is provided with one conical reflector, and the LED light is disposed at a center of the conical reflector.
3 . The long-term monitoring apparatus for the surrounding rock fracture evolution process triggered by the multiple-source dynamic disturbances according to claim 1 , wherein the triaxial vibration monitoring sensor assembly comprises a triaxial acceleration sensor, an acoustic emission sensor, a temperature sensor, and a pulse sensor, wherein the triaxial acceleration sensor, the acoustic emission sensor, the temperature sensor, and the pulse sensor are integrated in a coupling housing.
4 . A long-term monitoring method for a surrounding rock fracture evolution process triggered by multiple-source dynamic disturbances, using the long-term monitoring apparatus for the surrounding rock fracture evolution process triggered by the multiple-source dynamic disturbances according to claim 1 , the method comprising the following steps: Step 1: placing the long-term monitoring apparatus for the surrounding rock fracture evolution process triggered by the multiple-source dynamic disturbances into a borehole, such that the lower walking wheel, the first lower driven wheel, and the second lower driven wheel contact a borehole wall of a surrounding rock; Step 2: activating the upper walking wheel lifting actuator to bring the first upper walking wheel and the second upper walking wheel into contact with the borehole wall of the surrounding rock; Step 3: setting a vibration monitoring point, a vibration monitoring duration, an abnormal vibration frequency, and an operation time interval of the borehole wall surrounding rock image acquisition module on the computer; Step 4: activating the lower walking motor, the first upper walking motor, and the second upper walking motor, to drive the lower walking wheel, the first upper walking wheel, and the second upper walking wheel to rotate, thereby driving the long-term monitoring apparatus for the surrounding rock fracture evolution process triggered by the multiple-source dynamic disturbances to the vibration monitoring point; Step 5: activating the sensor lifting actuator to lift the triaxial vibration monitoring sensor assembly upper, such that the triaxial vibration monitoring sensor assembly comes into contact with the borehole wall of the surrounding rock; Step 6: activating the triaxial vibration monitoring sensor assembly to start vibration monitoring; Step 7: after the vibration monitoring duration is reached, activating the sensor lifting actuator to decouple the triaxial vibration monitoring sensor assembly from the borehole wall of the surrounding rock until the triaxial vibration monitoring sensor assembly returns to an initial position; Step 8: activating the lower walking motor, the first upper walking motor, and the second upper walking motor, to drive the lower walking wheel, the first upper walking wheel, and the second upper walking wheel to rotate, thereby driving the long-term monitoring apparatus for the surrounding rock fracture evolution process triggered by the multiple-source dynamic disturbances to a borehole opening; Step 9: activating the borehole wall surrounding rock image acquisition module and controlling the long-term monitoring apparatus for the surrounding rock fracture evolution process triggered by the multiple-source dynamic disturbances to move from the borehole opening to a borehole bottom, wherein during movement, the borehole wall surrounding rock image acquisition module acquires a complete image of the borehole wall of the surrounding rock; Step 10: after the complete image of the borehole wall of the surrounding rock is acquired, controlling the long-term monitoring apparatus for the surrounding rock fracture evolution process triggered by the multiple-source dynamic disturbances to return to the vibration monitoring point; and Step 11: repeating Steps 5 to 10 to perform long-term continuous monitoring of the surrounding rock fracture evolution process.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to the technical field of deep engineering monitoring, and particularly relates to a long-term monitoring apparatus and method for a surrounding rock fracture evolution process triggered by multiple-source dynamic disturbances. THE PRIOR ARTS During the construction process of deep engineering, the excavation of tunnels in seismic zones is affected by multiple-source dynamic disturbances such as seismic waves generated by strong earthquakes, continuous vibrations generated by TBM tunnel excavation, blasting vibrations generated for performing drilling and blasting methods, and stress waves from nearby rock bursts, causing long-term disturbance effects on the surrounding rock of deep engineering. It is difficult to monitor and evaluate the fracture damage inside the surrounding rock due to dynamic disturbances. After the excavation of deep engineering, the tangential stress around the tunnel increases exponentially, and the radial stress decreases sharply, leaving the surrounding rock in an unfavorable stress state. Multiple-source dynamic disturbances can induce rock mass cracking, continuous accumulation of cracks, continuous decline in bearing capacity, and even induce time-lag rock bursts. Field statistics show that the vast majority of time-lag rock bursts are strong or extremely strong, with huge hazards, easily causing serious casualties and equipment damage. Currently, the prediction of time-lag rock bursts is mostly based on lithology and engineering geological conditions, ignoring the inducing factors of dynamic disturbances. It is difficult to monitor the internal vibrations of deep surrounding rock, and it is challenging to measure stress waves on-site. A vibration sensor can only measure the vibration data on the surface of the surrounding rock. How to perceive the three-dimensional stress wave frequency and amplitude characteristics inside the surrounding rock has become a technical bottleneck. Currently, the coupling between the vibration sensor and surrounding rock is generally achieved by solidifying gypsum powder with water. This coupling method, during strong earthquakes, is likely to cause local detachment between the vibration sensor and the detection surface of the surrounding rock due to intense vibrations, leading to poor or inaccurate detection results. After the vibration test is completed, it is difficult to disassemble the vibration sensor, and the gypsum powder attached to the surface of the vibration sensor probe is difficult to clean, affecting the subsequent use of the vibration sensor. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Given the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a long-term monitoring apparatus and method for a surrounding rock fracture evolution process triggered by multiple-source dynamic disturbances, which can achieve integrated monitoring of imaging and vibration within a borehole. During vibration monitoring, the coupling and decoupling of the sensor and the surrounding rock are realized through a mechanical lifting manner, so as to achieve the monitoring of the surrounding rock state before and after the dynamic disturbance waves. This is conducive to identifying the initiation, expansion, and penetration of rock fractures under the action of dynamic disturbances, and evaluating the fracture damage inside the surrounding rock induced by three-dimensional stress waves, and thus achieving long-term continuous monitoring of the fracture evolution process of the surrounding rock in risk regions. To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solutions. A long-term monitoring apparatus for a surrounding rock fracture evolution process triggered by multiple-source dynamic disturbances is provided, including a machine body framework, a borehole wall surrounding rock image acquisition module, a borehole wall multiple-source vibration monitoring module, an in-borehole walking module, and a monitoring signal storage and transmission module, wherein the borehole wall surrounding rock image acquisition module is disposed at a foremost end of the machine body framework: the borehole wall multiple-source vibration monitoring module is disposed on the machine body framework behind the borehole wall surrounding rock image acquisition module: the in-borehole walking module is disposed on the machine body framework behind the borehole wall multiple-source vibration monitoring module; and the monitoring signal storage and transmission module is disposed at a rearmost end of the machine body framework and the monitoring signal storage and transmission module is connected to a computer outside a borehole via a cable or wireless network. The borehole wall surrounding rock image acquisition module includes a 360° panoramic camera, a transparent protective cover, LED lights, and conical reflectors; wherein the 360° panoramic camera is disposed at a center of the transparent pr