US-12624737-B2 - Braking device

US12624737B2US 12624737 B2US12624737 B2US 12624737B2US-12624737-B2

Abstract

A brake device and a machine including the brake device. The brake device includes an actuator, a transmission, an expander device, a brake lining and a frictional surface. The actuator moves in a limited actuator actuation region, and in at least part of the actuator actuation region, the actuator turns the expander device about at least one fulcrum via the transmission. In at least part of the actuator actuation region, for the purpose of braking, the actuator presses the brake lining, via the expander device, in the direction of and onto the frictional surface to generate a pressing force and a braking torque resulting therefrom. The transmission has a non-linear transmission ratio that is not constant over at least part of the actuator actuation region. The transmission turns the expander device in accordance with the non-linearity.

Inventors

Michael Putz
Thomas Zipper

Assignees

STOP-IN-TIME GMBH

Dates

Publication Date: 20260512
Application Date: 20210824
Priority Date: 20210714

Claims (15)

1 . A braking device comprising: an actuator; a transmission unit; a spreading device; a wear readjustment device arranged between the transmission unit and the spreading device; a brake lining; and a friction surface, wherein: the actuator moves in a limited actuator operating range; the actuator, in a minimum of part of its actuator operating range, rotates the spreading device about at least one pivot point via the transmission unit; the actuator presses the brake lining in the direction of the friction surface via the spreading device for generating a contact force as well as a braking torque; the transmission unit has a non-linear transmission ratio that is not constant over at least part of the actuator operating range; the transmission unit rotates the spreading device according to the non-linear transmission ratio; and wherein the wear readjustment device is actuated by one of the actuator, the transmission unit, and the spreading device.
2 . The braking device according to claim 1 , wherein: the spreading device is at least partially enclosed by the braking device.
3 . The braking device according to claim 1 , wherein in at least one part of the actuator operation range, the spreading device executes a relative movement with respect to the transmission unit, wherein: the relative movement of the spreading device is executed essentially as substantially normal to the direction of rotation of the spreading device.
4 . The braking device according to claim 1 , wherein: the spreading device has at least one contact surface, the brake device comprises at least one abutment surface; a minimum of at least one contact surface presses against at least one abutment surface area in at least one portion of the actuator operation area, thereby causing the spreading device to move; and the contact surface and the abutment surface area are designed in such a way that these surface areas perform a relative movement with respect to one another.
5 . The braking device according to claim 1 , wherein: the actuator, in at least one part of the actuator operation range, rotates the spreading device via the transmission unit with an initial rotation point; and the actuator, in at least one part of the actuator operation range, rotates the spreading device via the transmission unit with an additional rotation point; and the position of the initial rotation point and the additional rotation point deviate from one another; and the braking device is designed in such a way that the rotation point displacement of at least one of the initial rotation point and the additional rotation point of the spreading device is opposed by an elastic resistance.
6 . The braking device according to claim 4 , wherein: the spreading device comprises at least two spreading device parts and at least one spreading device part is one of a pin, a spigot, and a prefabricated part; the minimum of at least one contact surface of the spreading device is arranged at least partially on at least one of the at least two spreading device parts; and the at least two spreading device parts are connected to one another.
7 . Braking device according to claim 1 , wherein: the spreading device is designed as non-linear; and the spreading device is rotated by the actuator via the transmission unit in a limited range of rotation, whereby the spreading device has a non-linear spreading device ratio that is not constant over at least part of the range of rotation.
8 . The braking device according to claim 1 , wherein: the transmission ratio for the transmission unit is selected in such a way that the actuator is operated in at least one partial range of its actuator operating range at an operating point that deviates from an optimal operating point of the actuator; and the actuator is operated in at least one partial range of its actuator operating range at an operating point that deviates from an operating point of maximum power of the actuator.
9 . The braking device according to claim 1 , wherein: the transmission unit, starting from an initial position converts a movement of the actuator to a second direction for adjusting an air gap.
10 . The braking device according to claim 1 , wherein: the wear readjustment device comprises a drive unit.
11 . The braking device according to claim 1 , wherein: the braking device only comprises one actuator for braking and for wear readjustment.
12 . The braking device according to claim 1 , wherein: the actuator comprises numerous parts; the actuator comprises a spring and an electric motor, whereby the spring and the electric motor are independent of each other; and the spring interacts with the electric motor via the transmission unit.
13 . The braking device according to claim 1 , wherein: the transmission unit comprises a cam.
14 . The braking device according to claim 1 , wherein: the transmission ratio for the transmission unit when active can be altered by rotating a ratchet.
15 . The braking device according to claim 1 , wherein: the transmission unit is designed in such a way that at least two partial sections with differently acting non-linearities are formed along the actuator operating range and that at least one non-linearity is selected from the following non-linearities: a. Non-linearities for overcoming an air gap between brake lining and friction surface, b. non-linearity for determining the contact point of the friction surface and the brake lining, c. non-linearity for achieving a minimum braking effect, d. non-linearity for generating an increasing braking torque, e. non-linearity for operation with lowered electrical power requirement, f. non-linearity for rapidly achieving high braking effects, g. non-linearity for measuring parameters and setting parameters, h. non-linearity for reducing electrical stresses and mechanical stresses during lining stroke start, i. non-linearity for compensation for brake fading, j. non-linearities for wear readjustment.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The invention relates to a braking device and a machine in accordance with to the general terms of the independent patent claims. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Various types of brakes with spreading devices are known from the status of technology. For example, brakes are known in which the pressed-on parts, especially the brake lining, are guided along a straight line and in which the spreading device indicates a special type of geometry which, as a result, when it rotates, the spreading device rolls onto the pressed-on parts. The disadvantage of such types of brakes is, however, that the required geometry of the spreading device indicates not only mechanical disadvantages but also production-related technical disadvantages and therefore cannot be produced efficiently and cost effectively. Furthermore, the durability of such types of spreading devices is limited due to the special geometry which is involved. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The task of the invention is to overcome the disadvantages creates by this status of technology. In particular, it is a task for the invention to create a braking device equipped with a spreading device which enables efficient operation of the braking device, one which possesses a long service life and can be produced simply and efficiently. Furthermore, it can be a task of the invention to provide a braking device which enables the utilization a spreading device with a conventional geometry. The task according to the invention will be solved in particular by the features of the independent patent claims. In particular, the invention relates to a braking device, whereby the braking device comprises an actuator, in particular an electric actuator, a transmission unit, a spreading device, a brake lining and a friction surface. Preferably, it is to be provided that the actuator moves in a limited actuator operating range. Preferably, it is to be provided that the actuator is able to rotate and/or move the spreading device about at least one rotational point in at least one part of its actuator operating range via the transmission unit. Preferably, it is to be provided that the actuator is able to press the brake lining in the direction of and/or against the friction surface via the spreading device in at least a part of its actuator operating range. Preferably, it is to be provided that the actuator is able to press the brake lining in the direction of and/or against the friction surface and therefore generate a press-on force as well as a resulting braking torque via the spreading device for braking in at least a part of its actuator operating range. In other words, the spreading device can therefore be moved or rotated by the actuator in such a way that the spreading device presses the brake lining in the direction of and against the friction surface for generating a press-on force as well as a resulting braking torque in at least a part of the actuator actuation area for braking. A lining stroke can be executed by this rotation and/or movement of the spreading device. Within the context of the present invention, a lining stroke can be understood to mean that the brake lining is selectively moved, in particular in the direction of the friction surface. In other words, a lining stroke can also be considered to be relevant to braking action. Within the context of the present invention, a lining stroke which is relevant to the braking effect can be understood as a lining stroke by which the brake lining is moved, in particular in the direction of the friction surface, in particular the friction surface. If applicable, it is provided that the actuator effects a lining stroke, in particular one which is relevant to the braking effect, at least in one part of its actuator actuation range via the transmission unit. Preferably, it is to be provided that the transmission unit indicates a non-linearity i.e. a transference ratio which is not constant over at least one part of the actuator operating range. Preferably, it is to be provided that the transmission unit rotates and/or moves the spreading device according to the non-linearity. The spreading device can be rotated and/or moved by the actuator as relative to the brake lining, parts of the brake device pressing on the brake lining, the actuator and/or the, in particular fixed, transmission unit parts. The braking device can also be created as an electromechanical unit. If applicable, it is provided that when the actuator is moved, then the transmission unit and, if applicable, the spreading device will be actuated. Subsequently, it can be provided that the actuation of the transmission unit and, if applicable, of the spreading device will cause a lining stroke to be executed and, in particular, the brake lining will execute a movement. If applicable, the transmission unit or at least a part of the transmission unit is to be designed or configured to be non-linear. In particular, the transmission unit comprises at least o