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US-12624795-B2 - Hydrogen gas storage tanks with graphyne-containing layers

US12624795B2US 12624795 B2US12624795 B2US 12624795B2US-12624795-B2

Abstract

A hydrogen gas storage tank includes a body including a metallic bulk region and one or more protective layers adjacent to the bulk region. One or more of these protective layers comprise a number of graphyne molecules such that the one or more protective layers are configured to lower hydrogen adsorption into the bulk region when compared to a bulk region with protective layers free from graphyne.

Inventors

  • Sergei Chumakov
  • Daniil Kitchaev

Assignees

  • ROBERT BOSCH GMBH

Dates

Publication Date
20260512
Application Date
20231229

Claims (20)

  1. 1 . A hydrogen gas tank comprising: a body including a bulk region; and one or more protective layers adjacent to the bulk region, wherein the one or more protective layers contain gamma-graphyne molecules arranged in a 3-layer ABC stacking configuration, such that the one or more protective layers are configured to lower hydrogen adsorption into the bulk region when compared to a bulk region free from the protective layers.
  2. 2 . The hydrogen tank of claim 1 , wherein the bulk region includes a metal and/or a metal alloy.
  3. 3 . The hydrogen gas tank of claim 1 , wherein the bulk region includes a plastic.
  4. 4 . The hydrogen gas tank of claim 1 , wherein the bulk region includes carbon fiber.
  5. 5 . The hydrogen gas tank of claim 1 , wherein the one or more protective layers include a binder material.
  6. 6 . The hydrogen gas tank of claim 1 , wherein the one or more protective layers is a single protective layer.
  7. 7 . The hydrogen gas tank of claim 6 , wherein a total thickness of the one or more protective layers form a thin film of 0.6 nanometers to 5 millimeters.
  8. 8 . A hydrogen gas apparatus comprising: a body including a bulk region; and one or more protective layers adjacent to the bulk region, wherein the one or more protective layers contain gamma-graphyne molecules arranged in a 3-layer ABC stacking configuration and graphene flakes, such that the one or more protective layers are configured to lower hydrogen adsorption into the bulk region when compared to a bulk region free from the protective layers.
  9. 9 . The hydrogen gas apparatus of claim 8 , wherein the bulk region includes a metal and/or a metal alloy.
  10. 10 . The hydrogen gas apparatus of claim 9 , wherein at least some of the graphyne flakes are overlapping.
  11. 11 . The hydrogen gas apparatus of claim 8 , wherein the bulk region includes.
  12. 12 . The hydrogen gas apparatus of claim 8 , wherein the apparatus is a tank, a canister, a pressurized vessel, a pipe, a seal, or a fitting.
  13. 13 . The hydrogen gas apparatus of claim 8 , wherein the one or more protective layers comprise a binder material.
  14. 14 . The hydrogen gas apparatus of claim 8 , wherein the one or more protective layers is a single protective layer.
  15. 15 . The hydrogen gas apparatus of claim 13 , wherein a total thickness of the one or more protective layers form a thin film of 0.6 nanometers to 5 millimeters.
  16. 16 . A hydrogen gas apparatus comprising: a body including a bulk region; and one or more protective layers adjacent to the bulk region, wherein the one or more protective layers contain a graphdiyne material, such that the one or more protective layers are configured to lower hydrogen adsorption into the bulk region when compared to a bulk region free from the protective layers.
  17. 17 . The hydrogen gas apparatus of claim 16 , wherein the graphdiyne material includes a calcium-doped graphdiyne material.
  18. 18 . The hydrogen gas apparatus of claim 16 , wherein the graphdiyne material includes a heteroatom-doped graphdiyne material.
  19. 19 . The hydrogen gas apparatus of claim 16 , wherein the heteroatom-doped graphdiyne material is doped with N, S, F, and/or Cl.
  20. 20 . The hydrogen gas apparatus of claim 16 , wherein a total thickness of the one or more protective layers form a thin film of 0.6 nanometers to 5 millimeters.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present disclosure relates to hydrogen gas (H2) storage tanks with graphyne-containing layers. BACKGROUND Hydrogen gas is a viable contender for zero or relatively low emission fuel economy both in fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) and stationary applications. But storage of hydrogen gas remains a challenge from perspectives of safety and materials science. While certain metals such as stainless steel seem like the ideal candidate for tank material due to their low cost, these materials suffer from hydrogen-induced embrittlement which is caused by hydrogen dissociation and adsorption. Thus, there has been a long-term need for hydrogen barrier that would prevent hydrogen from reaching the tank material and thus making cheap and robust materials such as steel applicable to pressurized storage tank applications while meeting and/or exceeding industry standards for safety and durability. SUMMARY In one embodiment, a hydrogen gas storage tank includes a body including a metallic bulk region and one or more protective layers adjacent to the bulk region. One or more of these protective layers comprise a number of graphyne molecules such that the one or more protective layers are configured to lower hydrogen adsorption into the bulk region when compared to a bulk region with protective layers free from graphyne. In another embodiment, a hydrogen gas apparatus is disclosed. The hydrogen gas apparatus includes a body including a bulk region, and one or more protective layers adjacent to the bulk region, wherein the one or more protective layers contain a number of graphyne molecules, such that the one or more protective layers are configured to lower hydrogen adsorption into the bulk region when compared to a bulk region free from the protective layers. In yet another embodiment, a hydrogen gas apparatus is disclosed. The hydrogen gas apparatus includes a body including a bulk region, and one or more protective layers adjacent to the bulk region, wherein the one or more protective layers contain a graphdiyne material, such that the one or more protective layers are configured to lower hydrogen adsorption into the bulk region when compared to a bulk region free from the protective layers. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 depicts a schematic perspective view of a pressurized hydrogen gas storage tank according to one or more embodiments; FIGS. 2A and 2B show schematic views of a steel bulk region of the hydrogen gas storage tank with a graphyne-containing protective layer, or several protective layers, some of which can contain graphyne; FIGS. 3A through 3E present examples of graphyne-based materials: α-graphyne (FIG. 3A), β-graphyne (FIG. 3B), γ-graphyne (FIG. 3C), graphdiyne (FIG. 3D) and 6,6,12-graphyne (FIG. 3E). FIG. 4A is a 2D chemical structure illustration of a part of a single molecule of gamma-graphyne. FIG. 4B is a 2D chemical structure illustration of three layers of gamma-graphyne stacked in ABC-stacking. FIG. 5A is a graphical representation of energy with respect to reaction coordinates illustrating the energy required to hold a molecule of hydrogen gas at various locations along the line perpendicular to the plane of ABC-stacked gamma-graphyne. FIG. 5B is a 2D chemical structure illustration of three layers of gamma-graphyne stacked in ABC-stacking illustrating a location a hydrogen molecule may passes through one of the benzene rings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION Embodiments of the present disclosure are described herein. It is to be understood, however, that the disclosed embodiments are merely examples and other embodiments may take various and alternative forms. The figures are not necessarily to scale; some features could be exaggerated or minimized to show details of particular components. Therefore, specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are not to be interpreted as limiting, but merely as a representative basis for teaching one skilled in the art to variously employ the present embodiments. As those of ordinary skill in the art will understand, various features illustrated and described with reference to any one of the figures may be combined with features illustrated in one or more other figures to produce embodiments that are not explicitly illustrated or described. The combinations of features illustrated provide representative embodiments for typical applications. Various combinations and modifications of the features consistent with the teachings of this disclosure, however, could be desired for particular applications or implementations. Except where expressly indicated, all numerical quantities in this description indicating dimensions or material properties are to be understood as modified by the word “about” in describing the broadest scope of the present disclosure. The first definition of an acronym or other abbreviation applies to all subsequent uses herein of the same abbreviation and applies mutatis mutandis to normal grammatical variations of the