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US-12625046-B2 - Underground engineering rock mass shear simulation test device, test method and test machine thereof

US12625046B2US 12625046 B2US12625046 B2US 12625046B2US-12625046-B2

Abstract

Disclosed are an underground engineering rock mass shear simulation test device, a test method and a test machine. The test method includes: setting different test conditions by a controller to perform cyclic shear test at high temperature, fracture shear seepage test, granite uniaxial compression test at high temperature and granite fracture shear test under constant normal stiffness boundary conditions at room temperature. The electric heating wire assembly, the fan assembly and the environmental box are combined to flexibly and uniformly heat the samples placed in the upper shear box and the lower shear box. In terms of shear-seepage test, this scheme proposes a second sample placing mechanism that realizes sealing through sealing capsule and sealing capsule pressing plate. It realizes stable sealing and facilitates monitoring and debugging of seepage parameters.

Inventors

  • Gang Wang
  • Liang Zhang
  • Fan Lv
  • Pengju Wang
  • Peng He
  • Xuezhen WU
  • KERUI FAN
  • Changsheng Wang
  • ZHIJIA YOU
  • Ning Yang
  • Mingrui Chen

Assignees

  • FUJIAN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
  • SHANDONG UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
  • FUZHOU UNIVERSITY

Dates

Publication Date
20260512
Application Date
20240110
Priority Date
20230220

Claims (14)

  1. 1 . An underground engineering rock mass shear simulation test device, comprising: a frame comprising a base and a gantry spanning over the base, wherein a test area is formed between a lower side of the gantry and the base; an axial loading mechanism, which is set on a lower side of a middle part of the gantry, and is used to provide force loading for test samples in the test area; a horizontal loading mechanism, which is arranged on both sides of the gantry close to the test area and is used for providing shear force loading to the test samples in the test area; a first sample placing mechanism and a second sample placing mechanism, which are respectively arranged above the base and are used for placing the test samples; a linkage traction mechanism, which is arranged on the base and connected with the first sample placing mechanism and the second sample placing mechanism respectively, and used for driving the first sample placing mechanism or the second sample placing mechanism to move into or out of the test area; a controller, which is connected with the axial loading mechanism, the horizontal loading mechanism and the linkage traction mechanism respectively, and the controller controls the axial loading mechanism, the horizontal loading mechanism and the linkage traction mechanism to start or stop; wherein the horizontal loading mechanism and the axial loading mechanism have a first matching state and a second matching state with the first sample placing mechanism or the second sample placing mechanism; in the first matching state, the first sample placing mechanism or the second sample placing mechanism is located in the test area, the axial loading mechanism loads an axial force to the sample in the first sample placing mechanism or the second sample placing mechanism, and the horizontal loading mechanism loads a shear force to the sample in the first sample placing mechanism or the second sample placing mechanism; in the second matching state, the axial loading mechanism and the horizontal loading mechanism relieve the force loading applied to the first sample placing mechanism or the second sample placing mechanism.
  2. 2 . The underground engineering rock mass shear simulation test device according to claim 1 , wherein the axial loading mechanism comprises an axial oil cylinder, which is installed at a lower side of the middle part of the gantry, a driving end of the axial oil cylinder vertically faces downward and faces a sample located in the test area, the axial oil cylinder is connected to the controller and controlled by the controller to start or stop; the horizontal loading mechanism comprises: a horizontal shear oil cylinder, which is arranged on a side of the gantry close to the test area, a driving end of the horizontal shear oil cylinder faces the test area and is used for cooperating with a side of the sample located in the test area and providing horizontal shear force loading, the horizontal shear oil cylinder being connected to the controller and being controlled by the controller to start or stop; a reaction force device, which is arranged on an other side of the gantry close to the test area and is used for cooperating with an other side of the sample located in the test area; the linkage traction mechanism comprises: a linear guide rail, which is installed on the base through a support block, and two ends of the linear guide rail span the test area under the gantry; a pair of sliding block, which are slidably connected to the linear guide rail, wherein the upper end of each sliding block is connected with a base plate assembly, and the base plate assembly is cooperatively connected with the first sample placing mechanism or the second sample placing mechanism; a servo motor, which is fixedly connected to one end of the linear guide rail, a driving end thereof faces an other end of the linear guide rail, the servo motor is connected to the controller and controlled by the controller to start or stop; a speed reducer, wherein a power input end of the speed reducer is connected to a driving end of the servo motor, and a power output end of the speed reducer is connected with a screw rod through a coupling, a end of the screw rod far away from the speed reducer extends to a other end of the linear guide rail; wherein, a lower ends of each pair of sliding block are fixedly connected with threaded connection blocks connected with the screw rod, and the screw rod is driven by the servo motor to rotate, so that each pair of sliding block drive the first sample placing mechanism and the second sample placing mechanism connected to their upper ends to synchronously translate along a length direction of the linear guide rail, so that the first sample placing mechanism or the second sample placing mechanism are moved into or out of the test area under the gantry.
  3. 3 . The underground engineering rock mass shear simulation test device according to claim 2 , wherein the first sample placing mechanism comprises: a first foundation, a lower part of which is connected with the base plate assembly on one of the sliding block; a first roller rows, which is movably disposed on an upper end surface of a first foundation, the upper end surface of the first foundation is provided with a first sink for accommodating the first roller rows, an upper side of the first roller rows is flush with or higher than the upper end of the first sink; a first base plate, which is arranged above the first foundation, and a lower end surface of the first base plate is in contact with the upper side of the first roller rows; a lower shear box, one end of which is placed on the upper end surface of the first base plate, and one end of the lower shear box is further provided with a first sample accommodating slot through a upper and a lower end surfaces of the lower shear box, a structure outline of the first sample accommodating slot is adapted to a lower part of the sample; an other end of the lower shear box is provided with a first mounting through hole and is used for cooperating with the horizontal shear oil cylinder, the horizontal shear oil cylinder is connected with a first connecting block, the first connecting block is provided with a first U-shaped groove that is clamped and cooperated with an other end of the lower shear box, the first U-shaped groove is provided with a first through hole that is adapted to and mutually cooperated with the first mounting through hole, and after the other end of the lower shear box is clamped and cooperated with the first U-shaped groove, a pin passes through the first through hole and the first mounting through hole, so that the other end of the lower shear box is detachably and fixedly connected with the first connecting block; an upper shear box, one end of which is placed on an upper end surface of one end of the lower shear box, one end of the upper shear box is provided with a second sample accommodating slot through the upper and lower end surfaces thereof, and the structure outline of the second sample accommodating slot is adapted to the upper part of the sample; an other end of the upper shear box is provided with a second mounting through hole for cooperating with the reaction force device, the reaction force device is connected with a second connecting block, the second connecting block is provided with a second U-shaped groove for engaging and cooperating with an other end of the upper shear box, the second U-shaped groove is provided with a second through hole adapted to and cooperating with the second mounting through hole, and after the other end of the upper shear box is engaged and cooperating with the second U-shaped groove, a pin passes through the second through hole and the second mounting through hole, so that the other end of the upper shear box is detachably and fixedly connected with the second connecting block; a first pressure head, a lower end of which is movably inserted into the second sample accommodating slot of the upper shear box and cooperates with the first base plate, and the sample is constrained and fixed in the first sample accommodating slot and the second sample accommodating slot; an upper end of the first pressure head is used for cooperating with the driving end of the axial oil cylinder; an environmental box, which is a detachable box structure having an accommodating cavity formed inside and the accommodating cavity accommodates one end of the lower shear box and the upper shear box, two sides of the environmental box face the upper shear box and the lower shear box respectively, the upper end of the environmental box is provided with an avoiding through hole for passing through an other end of the first pressure head; an electric heating wire assembly, which is arranged in the accommodation cavity and connected with the controller, and controlled by the controller to start or stop; a fan assembly, which is arranged on one side of an environmental box, and an wind output end of the environmental box corresponding to the fan assembly is provided with an air duct connected to the accommodation cavity of the environmental box, the fan assembly is used for guiding and blowing air heated by the electric heating wire assembly to a surface of the sample, so as to realize a temperature adjustment of the sample; wherein the first pressure head and the lower shear box are uniformly provided with more than one displacement sensors, and the upper shear box, the lower shear box and the bottom of the first pressure head are all provided with reserved holes for threading temperature sensors to the surface of the sample.
  4. 4 . The underground engineering rock mass shear simulation test device according to claim 3 , wherein the second sample placing mechanism comprises: a second foundation, a lower part of which is connected with a base plate assembly on another sliding block; a second roller rows, which is movably disposed on an upper end surface of the second foundation, an upper end surface of the second foundation is provided with a second sink for accommodating the second roller rows, an upper side of the second roller rows is flush with or higher than an upper end of the second sink; a lower shear seepage box, one end of which is placed on an upper end surface of the second foundation, a lower end surface of one end of the lower shear seepage box is fitted with the second roller rows, a third sample accommodating slot is also provided on an upper end surface of one end of the lower shear seepage box, the third sample accommodating slot is an U-shaped slot open on both sides, and a first cushion block is provided on a side away from an other end of the lower shear seepage box, an upper end surface of the first cushion block is flush with an upper end surface of the lower shear seepage box; an other end of the lower shear seepage box is provided with a third mounting through hole and is used for cooperating with a horizontal shear oil cylinder; when the horizontal shear oil cylinder cooperates with the lower shear seepage box, an other end of the lower shear seepage box is detachably and fixedly connected with the first connecting block by passing through the first through hole and the third mounting through hole; an upper shear seepage box, one end of which is placed on an upper end surface of one end of the lower shear box, and an lower end surface of one end of the lower shear seepage box is in contact with an upper end surface of the first cushion block, a lower end surface of one end of the upper shear seepage box is provided with a fourth sample accommodating slot, the fourth sample accommodating slot is a U-shaped slot open on both sides, and an other side away from an other end of the upper shear seepage box is provided with a second cushion block, a lower end surface of the second cushion block is flush with a lower end surface of the upper shear seepage box, and an upper end surface of one end of the lower shear seepage box is contacted with the lower end surface of the second cushion block; an other end of the upper shear seepage box is provided with a fourth mounting through hole and is used for cooperating with the reaction force device, when the reaction force device cooperates with the upper shear seepage box, an other end of the upper shear seepage box is detachably and fixedly connected with the second connecting block by passing through the second through hole and the fourth mounting through hole; a pair of side plates, which are arranged oppositely on both sides of the upper shear seepage box and the lower shear seepage box, and constraining the upper shear seepage box and the lower shear seepage box between a pair of side plates, wherein the third sample accommodating slot, the fourth sample accommodating slot, the first cushion block, the second cushion block and the pair of side plates enclose to form a accommodating area for accommodating a sample, and both sides of the accommodating area are provided with a sealing capsule, an end surfaces of the first cushion block and the upper shear seepage box is provided with a sealing groove, and an end surfaces of the second cushion block and the lower shear seepage box is also provided with a sealing groove, the sealing grooves are embedded with a sealing strip, in addition, one end of the upper shear seepage box is also provided with a water inlet penetrating into the accommodating area, and one end of the lower shear seepage box is also provided with a water outlet penetrating into the accommodating area; the upper ends of the pair of side plates are detachably connected to a pair of oppositely arranged pressing roller shafts, both ends of the pressing roller shafts are respectively connected to the pair of side plates, and the pressing roller shafts are sleeved with annular pressing roller blocks for cooperating with the upper end surfaces of the upper shear seepage box; the pair of side plates are also provided with a sealing capsule pressing plate matched with the sealing capsule according to the sealing capsule; a second pressure head, the lower end of which is movably inserted into the fourth sample accommodating slot of the upper shear seepage box and abuts against the sample placed in the accommodating cavity, the upper end of the upper shear seepage box being provided with an avoiding slot for the second pressure head to insert, and the upper end of the second pressure head being used for cooperating with the drive end of an axial oil cylinder; wherein the second pressure head and the lower shear seepage box are uniformly provided with more than one displacement sensor.
  5. 5 . An underground engineering rock mass shear simulation test method, comprising the underground engineering rock mass shear simulation test device according to claim 4 , used for performing cyclic shear test at high temperature, fracture shear seepage test, granite uniaxial compression test at high temperature and/or granite fracture shear test; the underground engineering rock mass shear simulation test method comprising: setting constant normal load boundary conditions and constant normal stiffness boundary conditions at room temperature by the controller; performing cyclic shear test at high temperature and fracture shear seepage test under constant normal load boundary conditions; a heating temperature of the cyclic shear test at high temperature is room temperature −400° C. with a precision of ±2° C. and a heating rate of 5° C./h-400° C./h; performing granite fracture shear tests at room temperature under constant normal stiffness boundary conditions.
  6. 6 . The underground engineering rock mass shear simulation test method according to claim 5 , wherein performing the cyclic shear test at high temperature under constant normal load boundary conditions comprises following steps: S1, placing the first foundation and the environmental box of the first sample placing mechanism on the base plate assembly on one of the sliding block of the linkage traction mechanism, partially disassembling the environmental box so that its interior is opened, and successively placing the roller rows, the base plate and the lower shear box on the end of the first foundation in the accommodation cavity; S2, placing a lower part of a sample of rock into the first sample accommodating slot of the lower shear box; S3, placing the upper shear box above the lower shear box so that the upper part of the sample is placed in the second sample accommodating slot of the upper shear box, placing the temperature sensor from the reserved holes of the upper shear box, the lower shear box and the first pressure head to an upper surface, a front surface and a left surface of the sample, and fixing the temperature sensor in the reserved holes with asbestos; S4, assembling a disassembled part of the environmental box, and placing the first pressure head at the through hole above the environmental box so that a lower end of the first pressure head contacts the upper end surface of the sample; S5: moving the environmental box with the sample to a position directly below the axial oil cylinder of the axial loading mechanism by the linkage traction mechanism, and at the same time, moving the upper shear box and the lower shear box to the area where the horizontal loading mechanism cooperates with the first sample placing mechanism; S6, adjusting positions of the horizontal shear oil cylinder and the lower shear box, the reaction force device and the upper shear box, passing through the first through hole and the first mounting through hole via a pin, so that the other end of the lower shear box is detachably and fixedly connected with the first connecting block, and the horizontal shear oil cylinder is relatively fixed with the lower shear box, passing through the second through hole and the second mounting through hole through the pin, so that the other end of the upper shear box is detachably and fixedly connected with the second connecting block, and the upper shear box is fixed with the reaction force device relatively; S7, inserting asbestos into a fitting clearance of the avoiding through hole on the environmental box; S8: adjusting a position of the axial oil cylinder so that the driving end of the axial oil cylinder contacts the upper surface of the first pressure head; S9, arranging the displacement sensor at four corners of the upper surface of the first pressure head and at the end of the lower shear box; S10: setting a heating rate and a target temperature by the controller, starting the electric heating wire assembly and the fan assembly, heating the interior of the environmental box, and maintaining the target temperature for 6 hours after the temperature inside the environmental box reaches the target temperature; S11: starting the axial oil cylinder and the horizontal shear oil cylinder, and setting an axial load, shear rate, shear displacement and shear cycle times by means of the controller; S12, recording an axial displacement, shear displacement, shear load and axial load of the sample in the shearing process in real time; S13, when the horizontal shear oil cylinder completes the cyclic shear displacement, closing the test equipment, taking out the sample of rock to complete the test.
  7. 7 . The underground engineering rock mass shear simulation test method according to claim 5 , wherein performing the fracture shear seepage test under constant normal load boundary conditions comprises following steps: step 1: placing the second foundation of the second sample placing mechanism on the base plate assembly on the other sliding block of the linkage traction mechanism, placing the second roller rows and the lower shear seepage box on the second foundation in sequence, and then placing the lower part of the sample on the third sample accommodating slot of the lower shear seepage box, and then installing the first cushion block and the sealing strip on the first cushion block in the third sample accommodating slot; step 2: inserting the lower part of the pair of side plates into the reserved grooves on both sides of the lower shear seepage box to realize a relative constraint connection; step 3: placing the sealing strip at the sealing groove of the second cushion block of the upper shear seepage box, and then placing the upper shear seepage box and the second cushion block above the lower shear seepage box, so that the upper part of the sample is placed in the fourth sample accommodating slot of the upper shear seepage box, so that the sample is placed in the accommodating area formed by the closure of the third sample accommodating slot, the fourth sample accommodating slot, the first cushion block, the second cushion block and the pair of side plates; step 4: connecting and assembling the capsule pressing plate, the sealing capsule and the side plates by bolts, and the upper shear seepage box and the lower shear seepage box are movably constrained between the side plates by the pressing roller block and the pressing roller shaft; step 5: adjusting the lower shear seepage box to make the sample closely fit with the lower shear seepage box; step 6: placing a second pressure head at the avoiding slot at the upper end of the upper shear seepage box; step 7: moving the second sample placing mechanism with the sample to a position directly below the axial oil cylinder of the axial loading mechanism by the linkage traction mechanism; step 8: adjusting the positions of the horizontal shear oil cylinder and the lower shear seepage box, the reaction force device and the upper shear seepage box, passing through the first through hole and the third mounting through hole via a pin, and detachably and fixedly connecting the other end of the lower shear seepage box with the first connecting block, so that the horizontal shear oil cylinder is relatively fixed with the lower shear seepage box, passing through the second through hole and the fourth mounting through hole via a pin, the other end of the upper shear seepage box is detachably and fixedly connected with the second connecting block, so that the upper shear seepage box is relatively fixed with the reaction force device; step 9, arranging the displacement sensor at four corners of the upper surface of the second pressure head and at the end of the lower shear seepage box; step 10, injecting hydraulic oil into the sealing capsule; step 11, controlling an external seepage medium input device by the controller to inject a seepage medium from the water inlet of the upper shear seepage box, measuring water quantity at the water outlet of the lower shear seepage box, and calculating a flow rate until a stable seepage flow is reached; step 12: setting seepage pressure, axial load, axial stiffness, shear rate and shear displacement by the controller, and recording the axial load, shear load, shear displacement and axial displacement in real time during the shear process; step 13: when the horizontal shear oil cylinder moves to the setting shear displacement, stopping injecting the seepage medium.
  8. 8 . The underground engineering rock mass shear simulation test method according to claim 5 , wherein performing granite uniaxial compression test at high temperature comprises following steps: step 1: placing the loading mechanism of the first sample on the base plate assembly on one of the sliding block of the linkage traction mechanism, and then partially disassembling the environmental box so that its interior is opened, and then placing a standard cylinder sample into the corresponding position in the environmental box; step 2: assembling the disassembled part of the environmental box, and placing the first pressure head at the through hole above the environmental box to make the lower end of the first pressure head contact with the upper end surface of the sample; step 3: moving the first sample placing mechanism with samples to a position directly below the axial oil cylinder of the axial loading mechanism through the linkage traction mechanism; step 4: setting the heating rate through the controller, starting the electric heating wire assembly and the fan assembly, heating the sample indirectly heated by the internal environment of the environmental box, and maintaining the target temperature for 4 hours after the internal temperature of the environmental box reaches the target temperature; step 5: starting the axial oil cylinder, setting the movement rate of the axial oil cylinder as 0.06 mm/min through the controller, and then recording the axial displacement and axial load in a compression process in real time; step 6: when the axial load-axial displacement curve suddenly drops, stopping the axial oil cylinder movement and saving data.
  9. 9 . The underground engineering rock mass shear simulation test method according to claim 5 , wherein performing granite fracture shear test under constant normal stiffness boundary conditions at room temperature comprises following steps: (1) placing the parts of the first sample placing mechanism other than the environmental box, fan assembly and electric heating wire assembly on the base plate assembly on one of the sliding block of the linkage traction mechanism, firstly placing the granite sample in the lower shear box, and then placing the upper shear box; (2) inserting the lower end of the first pressure head into the second sample accommodating slot of the upper shear box, and restraining and fix the sample in the first sample accommodating slot and the second sample accommodating slot; (3) moving the first sample placing mechanism with samples to a position directly below the axial oil cylinder of the axial loading mechanism through the linkage traction mechanism; (4) adjusting the positions of the horizontal shear oil cylinder, the lower shear box, the reaction force device and the upper shear box, connecting the other end of the lower shear box is detachably and fixedly with the first connecting block via a pin passing through the first through hole and the first mounting through hole, so that the horizontal shear oil cylinder is relatively fixed with the lower shear box, the other end of the upper shear box is detachably and fixedly connected with the second connecting block through the second through hole and the second mounting through hole through pin passing through the second through hole, fixing the upper shear box relative to the reaction force device; (5) adjusting the position of the axial oil cylinder so that the axial oil cylinder contacts the upper surface of the first pressure head; (6) arranging displacement sensors at four corners of the upper surface of the first pressure head and at the end of the lower shear box; (7) starting the axial oil cylinder and the horizontal shear oil cylinder, and setting the axial load, axial stiffness, shear rate and shear displacement through the controller; (8) recording the axial displacement, shear displacement, shear load and axial load of the sample in the shearing process in real time; (9) when the horizontal shear oil cylinder reaches the setting shear displacement, closing the test equipment and taking out the rock sample.
  10. 10 . A testing machine, wherein the testing machine implements the underground engineering rock mass shear simulation test method for performing cyclic shear test at high temperature, fracture shear seepage test, granite uniaxial compression test at high temperature and/or granite fracture shear test; the underground engineering rock mass shear simulation test method comprising: setting constant normal load boundary conditions and constant normal stiffness boundary conditions at room temperature by the controller; performing cyclic shear test at high temperature and fracture shear seepage test under constant normal load boundary conditions; a heating temperature of the cyclic shear test at high temperature is room temperature −400° C. with a precision of ±2° C. and a heating rate of 5° C./h-400° C./h; performing granite fracture shear tests at room temperature under constant normal stiffness boundary conditions.
  11. 11 . The testing machine according to claim 10 , wherein performing the cyclic shear test at high temperature under constant normal load boundary conditions comprises following steps: S1, placing the first foundation and the environmental box of the first sample placing mechanism on the base plate assembly on one of the sliding block of the linkage traction mechanism, partially disassembling the environmental box so that its interior is opened, and successively placing the roller rows, the base plate and the lower shear box on the end of the first foundation in the accommodation cavity; S2, placing a lower part of a sample of rock into the first sample accommodating slot of the lower shear box; S3, placing the upper shear box above the lower shear box so that the upper part of the sample is placed in the second sample accommodating slot of the upper shear box, placing the temperature sensor from the reserved holes of the upper shear box, the lower shear box and the first pressure head to an upper surface, a front surface and a left surface of the sample, and fixing the temperature sensor in the reserved holes with asbestos; S4, assembling a disassembled part of the environmental box, and placing the first pressure head at the through hole above the environmental box so that a lower end of the first pressure head contacts the upper end surface of the sample; S5: moving the environmental box with the sample to a position directly below the axial oil cylinder of the axial loading mechanism by the linkage traction mechanism, and at the same time, moving the upper shear box and the lower shear box to the area where the horizontal loading mechanism cooperates with the first sample placing mechanism; S6, adjusting positions of the horizontal shear oil cylinder and the lower shear box, the reaction force device and the upper shear box, passing through the first through hole and the first mounting through hole via a pin, so that the other end of the lower shear box is detachably and fixedly connected with the first connecting block, and the horizontal shear oil cylinder is relatively fixed with the lower shear box, passing through the second through hole and the second mounting through hole through the pin, so that the other end of the upper shear box is detachably and fixedly connected with the second connecting block, and the upper shear box is fixed with the reaction force device relatively; S7, inserting asbestos into a fitting clearance of the avoiding through hole on the environmental box; S8: adjusting a position of the axial oil cylinder so that the driving end of the axial oil cylinder contacts the upper surface of the first pressure head; S9, arranging the displacement sensor at four corners of the upper surface of the first pressure head and at the end of the lower shear box; S10: setting a heating rate and a target temperature by the controller, starting the electric heating wire assembly and the fan assembly, heating the interior of the environmental box, and maintaining the target temperature for 6 hours after the temperature inside the environmental box reaches the target temperature; S11: starting the axial oil cylinder and the horizontal shear oil cylinder, and setting an axial load, shear rate, shear displacement and shear cycle times by means of the controller; S12, recording an axial displacement, shear displacement, shear load and axial load of the sample in the shearing process in real time; S13, when the horizontal shear oil cylinder completes the cyclic shear displacement, closing the test equipment, taking out the sample of rock to complete the test.
  12. 12 . The testing machine according to claim 10 , wherein performing the fracture shear seepage test under constant normal load boundary conditions comprises following steps: step 1: placing the second foundation of the second sample placing mechanism on the base plate assembly on the other sliding block of the linkage traction mechanism, placing the second roller rows and the lower shear seepage box on the second foundation in sequence, and then placing the lower part of the sample on the third sample accommodating slot of the lower shear seepage box, and then installing the first cushion block and the sealing strip on the first cushion block in the third sample accommodating slot; step 2: inserting the lower part of the pair of side plates into the reserved grooves on both sides of the lower shear seepage box to realize a relative constraint connection; step 3: placing the sealing strip at the sealing groove of the second cushion block of the upper shear seepage box, and then placing the upper shear seepage box and the second cushion block above the lower shear seepage box, so that the upper part of the sample is placed in the fourth sample accommodating slot of the upper shear seepage box, so that the sample is placed in the accommodating area formed by the closure of the third sample accommodating slot, the fourth sample accommodating slot, the first cushion block, the second cushion block and the pair of side plates; step 4: connecting and assembling the capsule pressing plate, the sealing capsule and the side plates by bolts, and the upper shear seepage box and the lower shear seepage box are movably constrained between the side plates by the pressing roller block and the pressing roller shaft; step 5: adjusting the lower shear seepage box to make the sample closely fit with the lower shear seepage box; step 6: placing a second pressure head at the avoiding slot at the upper end of the upper shear seepage box; step 7: moving the second sample placing mechanism with the sample to a position directly below the axial oil cylinder of the axial loading mechanism by the linkage traction mechanism; step 8: adjusting the positions of the horizontal shear oil cylinder and the lower shear seepage box, the reaction force device and the upper shear seepage box, passing through the first through hole and the third mounting through hole via a pin, and detachably and fixedly connecting the other end of the lower shear seepage box with the first connecting block, so that the horizontal shear oil cylinder is relatively fixed with the lower shear seepage box, passing through the second through hole and the fourth mounting through hole via a pin, the other end of the upper shear seepage box is detachably and fixedly connected with the second connecting block, so that the upper shear seepage box is relatively fixed with the reaction force device; step 9, arranging the displacement sensor at four corners of the upper surface of the second pressure head and at the end of the lower shear seepage box; step 10, injecting hydraulic oil into the sealing capsule; step 11, controlling an external seepage medium input device by the controller to inject a seepage medium from the water inlet of the upper shear seepage box, measuring water quantity at the water outlet of the lower shear seepage box, and calculating a flow rate until a stable seepage flow is reached; step 12: setting seepage pressure, axial load, axial stiffness, shear rate and shear displacement by the controller, and recording the axial load, shear load, shear displacement and axial displacement in real time during the shear process; step 13: when the horizontal shear oil cylinder moves to the setting shear displacement, stopping injecting the seepage medium.
  13. 13 . The testing machine according to claim 10 , wherein performing granite uniaxial compression test at high temperature comprises following steps: step 1: placing the loading mechanism of the first sample on the base plate assembly on one of the sliding block of the linkage traction mechanism, and then partially disassembling the environmental box so that its interior is opened, and then placing a standard cylinder sample into the corresponding position in the environmental box; step 2: assembling the disassembled part of the environmental box, and placing the first pressure head at the through hole above the environmental box to make the lower end of the first pressure head contact with the upper end surface of the sample; step 3: moving the first sample placing mechanism with samples to a position directly below the axial oil cylinder of the axial loading mechanism through the linkage traction mechanism; step 4: setting the heating rate through the controller, starting the electric heating wire assembly and the fan assembly, heating the sample indirectly heated by the internal environment of the environmental box, and maintaining the target temperature for 4 hours after the internal temperature of the environmental box reaches the target temperature; step 5: starting the axial oil cylinder, setting the movement rate of the axial oil cylinder as 0.06 mm/min through the controller, and then recording the axial displacement and axial load in a compression process in real time; step 6: when the axial load-axial displacement curve suddenly drops, stopping the axial oil cylinder movement and saving data.
  14. 14 . The testing machine according to claim 10 , wherein performing granite fracture shear test under constant normal stiffness boundary conditions at room temperature comprises following steps: (1) placing the parts of the first sample placing mechanism other than the environmental box, fan assembly and electric heating wire assembly on the base plate assembly on one of the sliding block of the linkage traction mechanism, firstly placing the granite sample in the lower shear box, and then placing the upper shear box; (2) inserting the lower end of the first pressure head into the second sample accommodating slot of the upper shear box, and restraining and fix the sample in the first sample accommodating slot and the second sample accommodating slot; (3) moving the first sample placing mechanism with samples to a position directly below the axial oil cylinder of the axial loading mechanism through the linkage traction mechanism; (4) adjusting the positions of the horizontal shear oil cylinder, the lower shear box, the reaction force device and the upper shear box, connecting the other end of the lower shear box is detachably and fixedly with the first connecting block via a pin passing through the first through hole and the first mounting through hole, so that the horizontal shear oil cylinder is relatively fixed with the lower shear box, the other end of the upper shear box is detachably and fixedly connected with the second connecting block through the second through hole and the second mounting through hole through pin passing through the second through hole, fixing the upper shear box relative to the reaction force device; (5) adjusting the position of the axial oil cylinder so that the axial oil cylinder contacts the upper surface of the first pressure head; (6) arranging displacement sensors at four corners of the upper surface of the first pressure head and at the end of the lower shear box; (7) starting the axial oil cylinder and the horizontal shear oil cylinder, and setting the axial load, axial stiffness, shear rate and shear displacement through the controller; (8) recording the axial displacement, shear displacement, shear load and axial load of the sample in the shearing process in real time; (9) when the horizontal shear oil cylinder reaches the setting shear displacement, closing the test equipment and taking out the rock sample.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application is based upon and claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202310135409.3, filed on Feb. 20, 2023, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. TECHNICAL FIELD The present disclosure relates to the technical field of rock mass mechanical information measurement. It relates in particular to an underground engineering rock mass shear simulation test device, a test method and a test machine. BACKGROUND Among the technical equipment of rock mass mechanics information measurement, there are many shear-seepage coupling test equipment and high temperature shear equipment, but most of them are only isolated single test equipment, that is, there are few equipment that can realize high temperature shear and shear seepage tests on one testing machine. Furthermore, there are some limitations in the current test equipment that can perform high temperature shearing, for example, the heating temperature of high temperature equipment is low (for example, Chinese patent CN110658085A, publication date: Jan. 7, 2020 and Chinese patent CN113109181A, publication date: Jul. 13, 2021, the maximum heating temperature recorded in the document is only 250° C., Chinese patent CN112284932A, publication date: Jan. 29, 2021, the maximum heating temperature recorded in the document is only 100° C.). It is clear that the temperature environment of the deeper rock mass cannot be reached. Therefore, further improvement of equipment is required to study the temperature environment of the deep rock mass. In order to ensure the heating effect, the existing test equipment usually uses a heating rod placed in the shear box, which is easy to heat the sample unevenly (because there are only two heating directions). Moreover, the test device of the prior art has no thermal insulation equipment, and the real-time high temperature test and the cyclic heating test cannot be realized. For the sealing of experimental instruments, the shear seepage equipment of the prior art is usually sealed by smearing glue (such as Chinese patent CN112284932A, published on Jan. 29, 2021). However, the disadvantage is that the shear seepage box has poor sealing performance and the sealing rubber has a short service life. Moreover, the normal displacement of the sample is limited in the shear seepage process in the prior art, because the normal displacement will bring a high challenge to the sealing performance. Therefore, how to improve the operation convenience, test flexibility and reliability of the device so that it can perform reliable high temperature test and shear test to obtain accurate and effective results is a positive and practical issue. SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE In view of this, it is an object of the present disclosure to propose an underground engineering rock mass shear simulation test device, a test method and a test machine which are reliable in implementation, convenient and flexible in operation and have good shear effects. In order to achieve the above technical objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present disclosure is: An underground engineering rock mass shear simulation test device, including: a frame comprising a base and a gantry spanning over the base, wherein a test area is formed between a lower side of the gantry and the base;an axial loading mechanism, which is set on a lower side of a middle part of the gantry, and is used to provide force loading for test samples in the test area;a horizontal loading mechanism, which is arranged on both sides of the gantry close to the test area and is used for providing shear force loading to the test samples in the test area;a first sample placing mechanism and a second sample placing mechanism, which are respectively arranged above the base and are used for placing test samples;a linkage traction mechanism, which is arranged on the base and connected with the first sample placing mechanism and the second sample placing mechanism respectively, and used for driving the first sample placing mechanism or the second sample placing mechanism to move into or out of the test area;a controller, which is connected with the axial loading mechanism, the horizontal loading mechanism and the linkage traction mechanism respectively, and controls the axial loading mechanism, the horizontal loading mechanism and the linkage traction mechanism to start or stop;wherein the horizontal loading mechanism and the axial loading mechanism have a first matching state and a second matching state with the first sample placing mechanism or the second sample placing mechanism;in the first matching state, the first sample placing mechanism or the second sample placing mechanism is located in the test area, the axial loading mechanism loads an axial force to the sample in the first sample placing mechanism or the second sample placing mechanism, and the horizontal loading mechanism loads a shear force to the sample in the first s