US-12625620-B2 - Non-volatile memory device, storage device, operating method of storage controller, and operating method of the storage device

US12625620B2US 12625620 B2US12625620 B2US 12625620B2US-12625620-B2

Abstract

In some embodiments, an operating method of a storage device includes obtaining a plurality of points by searching for a first valley point between threshold voltage distributions of selection memory cells coupled to a selection word line of a plurality of word lines; calculating, using a first function, a first voltage level that corresponds to a first reference count value; calculating, using a second function, a second voltage level that corresponds to the first reference count value; classifying the selection memory cells into a plurality of coupling patterns according to an aggressor cell group of each of adjacent memory cells coupled to at least one adjacent word line adjacent to the selection word line; and performing a read operation, based on the plurality of coupling patterns of the selection memory cells, the first voltage level, and the second voltage level.

Inventors

Hyojin AHN
Seoyeong Lee
Hoon Jo

Assignees

SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO., LTD.

Dates

Publication Date: 20260512
Application Date: 20241113
Priority Date: 20221012

Claims (20)

1 . An operating method of a storage device, the operating method comprising: obtaining a first valley point from among a plurality of points by sequentially applying voltages that correspond to read voltage levels of the plurality of points to a selection word line, each point of the plurality of points comprising a read voltage level and a memory cell count value; calculating, using a first function, a first voltage level that corresponds to a first reference count value; calculating, using a second function, a second voltage level that corresponds to the first reference count value; classifying selection memory cells coupled to the selection word line into a plurality of coupling patterns, according to an aggressor cell group of each of adjacent memory cells coupled to at least one adjacent word line adjacent to the selection word line; and performing a read operation, based on the plurality of coupling patterns, the first voltage level, and the second voltage level.
2 . The operating method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of points comprises: first points comprising a first read voltage level and a first memory cell count value; second points comprising a second read voltage level and a second memory cell count value; third points comprising a third read voltage level and a third memory cell count value fourth points comprising a fourth read voltage level and a fourth memory cell count value fifth points comprising a fifth read voltage level and a fifth memory cell count value, and wherein the first valley point corresponds to a point comprising a smallest memory cell count from among memory cell count values of the plurality of points.
3 . The operating method of claim 1 , wherein: the first function corresponds to first points from among the plurality of points, the first points have first read voltage levels higher than or equal to a valley read voltage level of the first valley point, the first reference count value is smaller than a first memory cell count value of the first valley point, the second function corresponds to second points from among the plurality of points, and the second points have second read voltage levels smaller than or equal to the valley read voltage level of the first valley point.
4 . The operating method of claim 1 , wherein: the first valley point occurs between a first threshold voltage distribution and a second threshold voltage distribution, and the first reference count value corresponds to a difference between a first area of the first threshold voltage distribution and a second area of the second threshold voltage distribution.
5 . The operating method of claim 4 , wherein: a second reference count value is smaller than a second memory cell count value of a second valley point that occurs between a third threshold voltage distribution and a fourth threshold voltage distribution, the first reference count value is smaller than the second reference count value, a third area of the third threshold voltage distribution matches the first area of the first threshold voltage distribution and the second area of the second threshold voltage distribution, and a fourth area of the fourth threshold voltage distribution is greater than the third area of the third threshold voltage distribution.
6 . The operating method of claim 5 , wherein: a third reference count value is smaller than a third memory cell count value of a third valley point that occurs between a fifth threshold voltage distribution and a sixth threshold voltage distribution, the first reference count value is greater than the third reference count value, a fifth area of the fifth threshold voltage distribution matches the first area of the first threshold voltage distribution and the second area of the second threshold voltage distribution, and a sixth area of the sixth threshold voltage distribution is smaller area than the fifth area of the fifth threshold voltage distribution.
7 . The operating method of claim 1 , wherein the first reference count value is inversely proportional to a square root of a number of types of the plurality of coupling patterns.
8 . The operating method of claim 1 , wherein the performing of the read operation comprises: calculating sub-read voltage levels corresponding to the plurality of coupling patterns, based on the first voltage level and the second voltage level; and sequentially reading data stored in memory cells having a matching coupling pattern, from among the selection memory cells, by sequentially applying, to the selection word line, sub-read voltages having the sub-read voltage levels.
9 . The operating method of claim 8 , wherein: the plurality of coupling patterns comprise a first coupling pattern and a second coupling pattern, and the calculating of the sub-read voltage levels comprises: calculating the first voltage level as a first sub-read voltage level corresponding to the first coupling pattern; and calculating the second voltage level as a second sub-read voltage level corresponding to the second coupling pattern.
10 . The operating method of claim 8 , wherein: the plurality of coupling patterns comprise M coupling patterns, wherein M is an integer greater than two, and the calculating of the sub-read voltage levels comprises: calculating the first voltage level as a first sub-read voltage level corresponding to a first coupling pattern of the plurality of coupling patterns; calculating the second voltage level as an M-th sub-read voltage level corresponding to an M-th coupling pattern of the plurality of coupling patterns; and sequentially calculating voltage levels, which are equidistantly divided between the first voltage level and the second voltage level, as second to M−1-th sub-read voltage levels corresponding to the second to M−1-th coupling patterns.
11 . An operating method of a storage controller, the operating method comprising: obtaining a plurality of points by searching for a valley point between threshold voltage distributions of selection memory cells of a plurality of word lines, each point of the plurality of points comprising a read voltage level and a memory cell count value; calculating, using a first function, a first voltage level that corresponds to a first reference count value, the first function corresponding to first points from among the plurality of points having first read voltage levels higher than or equal to a valley read voltage level of the valley point, the first reference count value being smaller than a first memory cell count value of the valley point; calculating, using a second function, a second voltage level that corresponds to the first reference count value, the second function corresponding to second points from among the plurality of points having second read voltage levels smaller than or equal to the valley read voltage level of the valley point; grouping, into a plurality of aggressor cell groups, adjacent memory cells connected to at least one adjacent word line, the at least one adjacent word line being adjacent to a selection word line coupled to the selection memory cells; classifying the selection memory cells into a plurality of coupling patterns according to each of the plurality of aggressor cell groups; and calculating a third read voltage level to be applied to the selection memory cells, based on the plurality of coupling patterns of the selection memory cells, the first voltage level, and the second voltage level.
12 . The operating method of claim 11 , wherein the calculating of the first voltage level and the calculating of the second voltage level comprises: obtaining, using a linear regression model, a first linear function that minimizes distances between the first linear function and the first points from among the plurality of points, the first points comprising at least two points from among the plurality of points and the valley point; and obtaining, using the linear regression model, a second linear function that minimizes distances between the second linear function and the second points from among the plurality of points, the second points comprising at least two other points from among the plurality of points and the valley point.
13 . The operating method of claim 11 , wherein the grouping of the adjacent memory cells into the plurality of aggressor cell groups comprises: controlling a non-volatile memory to sequentially apply at least one group determination read voltage to one adjacent word line; and grouping, into a same cell group, adjacent memory cells having corresponding threshold voltages comprised in a same voltage level section from among voltage level sections divided by a voltage level of the at least one group determination read voltage, from among the adjacent memory cells connected to the at least one adjacent word line.
14 . The operating method of claim 11 , wherein the grouping of the adjacent memory cells into the plurality of aggressor cell groups comprises: controlling a non-volatile memory to apply at least one first group determination read voltage to a first adjacent word line, which is adjacent to the selection word line in a first direction; grouping, into a first aggressor cell group, adjacent memory cells having first corresponding threshold voltages comprised in a same voltage level section from among voltage level sections divided by at least one first voltage level of the at least one first group determination read voltage, from among first adjacent memory cells coupled to the first adjacent word line; controlling the non-volatile memory to apply at least one second group determination read voltage to a second adjacent word line, which is adjacent to the selection word line in a second direction opposite to the first direction; and grouping, into a second aggressor cell group, adjacent memory cells having second corresponding threshold voltages comprised in a same voltage level section from among voltage level sections divided by at least one second voltage level of the at least one second group determination read voltage, from among second adjacent memory cells coupled to the second adjacent word line.
15 . The operating method of claim 11 , wherein: the plurality of coupling patterns comprise a first coupling pattern and a second coupling pattern, the calculating of the third read voltage level comprises: calculating the first voltage level as a first sub-read voltage level corresponding to the first coupling pattern; and calculating the second voltage level as a second sub-read voltage level corresponding to the second coupling pattern.
16 . The operating method of claim 11 , wherein: the plurality of coupling patterns comprise M coupling patterns, wherein M is an integer greater than two, the calculating of the third read voltage level comprises: calculating the first voltage level as a first sub-read voltage level corresponding to a first coupling pattern; calculating the second voltage level as an M-th sub-read voltage level corresponding to an M-th coupling pattern; and sequentially calculating voltage levels, which are equidistantly divided between the first voltage level and the second voltage level, as second to M−1-th sub-read voltage levels corresponding respectively to second to M−1-th coupling patterns, and first to M-th sub-read voltages having the first to M-th sub-read voltage levels are calculated as the third read voltage level.
17 . A non-volatile memory device, comprising: a memory cell array comprising a plurality of memory cells coupled to a plurality of word lines; a voltage generator configured to generate word line voltages that are applied to the plurality of word lines; and a control logic circuit configured to provide a voltage control signal to the voltage generator, the voltage control signal instructing generation of the word line voltages, wherein the voltage generator is further configured to: sequentially apply, during a first period, a plurality of read voltages to a selection word line from among the plurality of word lines; apply, during a second period, at least one group determination read voltage to at least one adjacent word line, which is adjacent to the selection word line; and sequentially apply, during a third period, sub-read voltages to the selection word line, the sub-read voltages corresponding to a plurality of coupling patterns of selection memory cells having been determined according to a plurality of aggressor cell groups classified after the second period.
18 . The non-volatile memory device of claim 17 , wherein the sub-read voltages comprise: a first voltage level corresponding to a reference count value in a first linear function that minimizes first distances between the first linear function and points comprising first read voltages and memory cell count values corresponding to the first read voltages in threshold voltage distributions of the selection memory cells; and a second voltage level corresponding to the reference count value in a second linear function that minimizes second distances between the second linear function and points comprising second read voltages and memory cell count values corresponding to the second read voltages in the threshold voltage distributions of the selection memory cells, wherein the first read voltages having levels higher than or equal to a level of a valley read voltage corresponding to a valley point searched after the first period, from among the plurality of read voltages, wherein the reference count value is smaller than a memory cell count value corresponding to the valley point, and wherein the second read voltages having levels equal to or smaller than the level of the valley read voltage corresponding to the valley point, from among the plurality of read voltages.
19 . The non-volatile memory device of claim 17 , wherein: the voltage generator is further configured to sequentially apply at least one first group determination read voltage to a first adjacent word line and at least one second group determination read voltage to a second adjacent word line, the first adjacent word line being adjacent to the selection word line in a first direction, and the second adjacent word line being adjacent to the selection word line in a second direction opposite to the first direction.
20 . The non-volatile memory device of claim 17 , wherein the control logic circuit comprises a cell counter configured to generate another memory cell count value corresponding to a number of OFF cells, from among the plurality of memory cells.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application is a continuation application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 18/215,320, filed on Jun. 28, 2023, which claims priority to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2022-0130917, filed on Oct. 12, 2022, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the disclosures of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entireties. BACKGROUND 1. Field The present disclosure relates generally to electronic devices, and more particularly, to a non-volatile memory device configured to perform a data recovery read operation, a storage device, an operating method of a storage controller, and an operating method of the storage device. 2. Description of Related Art Semiconductor memory devices may be classified into volatile memory devices, such as, but not limited to, dynamic random access memory (DRAM) and static RAM (SRAM), and non-volatile memory devices, such as, but not limited to, electrically erasable and programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), ferroelectric RAM (FRAM), phase-change RAM (PRAM), magnetic RAM (MRAM), and flash memory. Volatile memory devices may lose stored data when power supply is interrupted, while non-volatile memory devices retain stored data even when power supply is interrupted. Related devices using non-volatile memory devices may include, for example, an Moving Picture Experts Group 1 (MPEG-1) audio layer 3 (MP3) player, a digital camera, a mobile phone, a camcorder, a flash card, a solid-state disk (SSD), and the like. As the number of related devices using non-volatile memory devices as a storage device increases, the capacity of the non-volatile memory devices has increased. SUMMARY The present disclosure provides a non-volatile memory device, a storage device, an operating method of a storage controller, and an operating method of the storage device, which may improve the performance of a data recovery read operation. According to an aspect of the present disclosure, an operating method of a storage device is provided. The operating method includes obtaining a plurality of points by searching for a first valley point between threshold voltage distributions of selection memory cells coupled to a selection word line of a plurality of word lines. Each point of the plurality of points comprising a read voltage level and a memory cell count value. The operating method further includes calculating, using a first function, a first voltage level that corresponds to a first reference count value. The first function corresponds to first points from among the plurality of points having first read voltage levels higher than or equal to a valley read voltage level of the first valley point. The first reference count value is smaller than a first memory cell count value of the first valley point. The operating method further includes calculating, using a second function, a second voltage level that corresponds to the first reference count value. The second function corresponds to second points from among the plurality of points having second read voltage levels smaller than or equal to the valley read voltage level of the first valley point. The operating method further includes classifying the selection memory cells into a plurality of coupling patterns according to an aggressor cell group of each of adjacent memory cells coupled to at least one adjacent word line adjacent to the selection word line. The operating method further includes performing a read operation, based on the plurality of coupling patterns of the selection memory cells, the first voltage level, and the second voltage level. According to an aspect of the present disclosure, a storage device is provided. The storage device includes a non-volatile memory comprising a plurality of memory cells respectively coupled to a plurality of word lines, and a storage controller configured to provide, to the non-volatile memory, a read command and a selection address, and instruct the non-volatile memory to read data stored in selection memory cells coupled to a selection word line from among the plurality of word lines. The storage controller is further configured to obtain a plurality of points by searching for a valley point between threshold voltage distributions of the selection memory cells. Each point of the plurality of points includes a read voltage level and a memory cell count value. The storage controller is further configured to calculate, using a first function, a first voltage level that corresponds to a first reference count value. The first function corresponds to first points from among the plurality of points having first read voltage levels higher than or equal to a valley read voltage level of the valley point. The first reference count value is smaller than a first memory cell count value of the valley point. The storage controller is further configured to calculate, using a second function, a second voltage level that corresponds to the first reference count value. T