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US-12627174-B2 - Method of irregular tiled transmitting arrays for realizing multi-angle receiving microwave wireless power transmission

US12627174B2US 12627174 B2US12627174 B2US 12627174B2US-12627174-B2

Abstract

A design method of irregular tiled transmitting arrays for realizing multi-angle receiving microwave wireless power transmission relates to the technical field of antenna design, and includes: performing combinatorial arrangement according to irregularity degrees of 4-element polyomino subarrays of different types to obtain a filling set including multiple secondary subarray sets, obtaining a feasible filling solution set of a designed array based on the filling set, constructing a BCE optimization model for multi-receiving-area application scenarios of microwave wireless power transmission, and obtaining the optimal subarray filling solution scheme of the designed array based on the BCE optimization model and the feasible filling solution sets. The design method has characteristics of low cost and high safety, and is applicable to multiple receiving areas, showing broad prospects in engineering applications.

Inventors

  • Xun Li
  • Chunhuai XUE
  • Baoyan Duan
  • Yiqun Zhang
  • Guangda Chen

Assignees

  • XIDIAN UNIVERSITY

Dates

Publication Date
20260512
Application Date
20250727
Priority Date
20241012

Claims (7)

  1. 1 . A design method of irregular tiled transmitting arrays for realizing multi-angle receiving microwave wireless power transmission, the design method comprising: step 1, constructing a filling set by using different types of 4-element polyomino subarrays as secondary subarrays, wherein the filling set comprises a plurality of secondary subarray sets; step 2, scaling down a designed array according to a preset ratio to obtain a converted array, wherein a number of array elements in the converted array does not exceed 1000; step 3, obtaining, based on the filling set, a feasible filling solution set for the secondary subarrays of the converted array; step 4, scaling up the secondary subarrays of the converted array according to the preset ratio for restoring to obtain enlarged secondary subarrays, and obtaining a feasible filling solution set for primary subarrays of the enlarged secondary subarrays, wherein the primary subarrays comprise at least one of 2-element polyomino subarrays, the 4-element polyomino subarrays and 8-element polyomino subarrays; step 5, constructing a beam collection efficiency (BCE) optimization model for realizing multi-angle receiving microwave wireless power transmission, comprising: step 5.1, obtaining a radiation array factor of the designed array; step 5.2, determining, based on the radiation array factor of the designed array and shapes of microwave receiving areas, a BCE for the realizing multi-angle receiving microwave wireless power transmission of each of the microwave receiving areas and a maximum radiation level outside each of the microwave receiving areas; and step 5.3, constructing, based on the BCE for the realizing multi-angle receiving microwave wireless power transmission of each of the microwave receiving areas, the BCE optimization model for realizing multi-angle receiving microwave wireless power transmission; and step 6, obtaining, based on the BCE optimization model for realizing multi-angle receiving microwave wireless power transmission, the feasible filling solution set for the secondary subarrays of the converted array, and the feasible filling solution set for the primary subarrays of the enlarged secondary subarrays, an optimal subarray filling solution of the designed array.
  2. 2 . The design method of the irregular tiled transmitting arrays for realizing multi-angle receiving microwave wireless power transmission as claimed in claim 1 , wherein step 1 comprises: step 1.1, determining irregularity degrees for the different types of the 4-element polyomino subarrays; step 1.2, sorting the different types of the 4-element polyomino subarrays in a descending order of the irregularity degrees to obtain sorted 4-element polyomino subarrays; and step 1.3, arranging combinatorially the sorted 4-element polyomino subarrays to obtain the plurality of secondary subarray sets, wherein the plurality of secondary subarray sets form the filling set.
  3. 3 . The design method of the irregular tiled transmitting arrays for realizing multi-angle receiving microwave wireless power transmission as claimed in claim 1 , wherein step 3 comprises: step 3.1, obtaining, based on a preset maximum feasible filling solution number for the secondary subarrays in a partition, a value range of partitions for the converted array; step 3.2, selecting a partition number from the value range according to engineering requirements, and partitioning the converted array by using a k-means clustering method based on the partition number to obtain a partition result; and step 3.3, calculating, based on the filling set and the partition result, feasible filling solutions for the secondary subarrays of each of the partitions by using a dancing links X (DLX) algorithm, wherein the feasible filling solutions for the secondary subarrays of the partitions form the feasible filling solution set for the secondary subarrays of the converted array.
  4. 4 . The design method of the irregular tiled transmitting arrays for realizing multi-angle receiving microwave wireless power transmission as claimed in claim 3 , wherein step 4 comprises: step 4.1, scaling up the secondary subarrays of each of the partitions according to the preset ratio for restoring to obtain the enlarged secondary subarrays of each of the partitions; and step 4.2, calculating, according to selected primary subarrays of each of the partitions, feasible filling solutions for the primary subarrays of the enlarged secondary subarrays of each of the partitions by using the DLX algorithm, wherein the feasible filling solutions for the primary subarrays of the enlarged secondary subarrays of the partitions form the feasible filling solution set for the primary subarrays of the enlarged secondary subarrays.
  5. 5 . The design method of the irregular tiled transmitting arrays for realizing multi-angle receiving microwave wireless power transmission as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the radiation array factor of the designed array is expressed as follows: A ⁢ F ⁡ ( u , v ) = ∑ n = 1 N ∑ m = 1 M ω m ⁢ δ c n ⁢ m ⁢ e jk ⁡ ( x n ⁢ u + y n ⁢ v ) where AF (u, v) represents the radiation array factor of the designed array; u=sin θ cos φ, v=sin θ sin φ, where (θ, φ) represents an angular coordinate of an antenna coordinate system, φ represents an azimuth angle, and θ represents an elevation angle; N represents a number of array elements in the designed array; M represents a number of subarrays of the designed array; Φ m represents a complex excitation of an m-th subarray of the subarrays of the designed array; c n represents a subarray to which an n-th array element of the array elements in the designed array belongs; when the n-th array element belongs to the m-th subarray, δ c n m =1, and when the n-th array element does not belong to the m-th subarray, δ c n m =0; k=2π/λ, where λ represents an operating wavelength; (x n , y n ) represents a position coordinate of the n-th array element; and j represents an imaginary unit.
  6. 6 . The design method of the irregular tiled transmitting arrays for realizing multi-angle receiving microwave wireless power transmission as claimed in claim 5 , wherein the BCE for the realizing multi-angle receiving microwave wireless power transmission of each of the microwave receiving areas and the maximum radiation level outside each of the microwave receiving areas are expressed as follows: BCE = P Ψ P Ω = ∫ Ψ ⁢ ❘ "\[LeftBracketingBar]" AF ⁡ ( u , v ) ❘ "\[RightBracketingBar]" 2 ⁢ dudv ∫ Ω ⁢ ❘ "\[LeftBracketingBar]" AF ⁡ ( u , v ) ❘ "\[RightBracketingBar]" 2 ⁢ dudv PRL ⁡ ( dB ) = 201 ⁢ g ⁡ ( max u , v ∉ Ψ ❘ "\[LeftBracketingBar]" AF ⁡ ( u , v ) ❘ "\[RightBracketingBar]" max u , v ❘ "\[LeftBracketingBar]" AF ⁡ ( u , v ) ❘ "\[RightBracketingBar]" ) where BCE represents the beam collection efficiency of the microwave receiving area; PRL(dB) represents the maximum radiation level outside the microwave receiving area; P Ψ represents a radiation power in the microwave receiving area; P Ω represents a radiation power in an entire visible area; Ω = { ( u , v ) ❘ ( u 2 + v 2 ) ≤ 1 } ; when the microwave receiving area is rectangular, Ψ = { ( u , v ) ⁢ ❘ "\[LeftBracketingBar]" u - u s ❘ "\[RightBracketingBar]" ≤ u 0 , ❘ "\[LeftBracketingBar]" v - v s ❘ "\[RightBracketingBar]" ≤ v 0 } ; when the microwave receiving area is circular, Ψ = { ( u , v ) ⁢ ❘ "\[LeftBracketingBar]" ( ( u - u s ) 2 + ( v - v s ) 2 ) ≤ r 0 2 } ; where u 0 represents a length of the microwave receiving area being rectangular, v 0 represents a width of the microwave receiving area being rectangular, r 0 represents a radius of the microwave receiving area being circular, u s =sin θ s cos φ s , v s =sin θ s sin φ s , φ s represents a scanning azimuth angle, and θ s represents a scanning elevation angle.
  7. 7 . The design method of the irregular tiled transmitting arrays for realizing multi-angle receiving microwave wireless power transmission as claimed in claim 6 , wherein the BCE optimization model is a first optimization model or a second optimization model, the first optimization model is expressed as follows: Min . f ⁡ ( x → o ⁢ p ⁢ t ) = 1 ∑ p = 1 P - 1 BCE p ( x → o ⁢ p ⁢ t ) , and + ∑ i = 2 P - 1 ∑ j = 1 i - 1 ❘ "\[LeftBracketingBar]" BCE i ( x → o ⁢ p ⁢ t ) - BCE j ( x → o ⁢ p ⁢ t ) ❘ "\[RightBracketingBar]" the second optimization model is expressed as follows: Min . f ⁡ ( x → o ⁢ p ⁢ t ) = 1 ∑ p = 1 P - 1 BCE p ( x → o ⁢ p ⁢ t ) ; where Min. represents minimization, {right arrow over (x)} opt represents the optimal subarray filling solution of the designed array, and I′ represents a number of the microwave receiving areas.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202411423195.0, filed Oct. 12, 2024, which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety. TECHNICAL FIELD The disclosure relates to the technical field of antenna design, and more particularly to a design method of irregular tiled transmitting arrays for realizing multi-angle receiving microwave wireless power transmission. BACKGROUND In recent years, microwave wireless power transmission has attracted widespread attention. Microwave wireless power transmission systems can supply power for specific devices, such as drones, electric vehicles, and solar power satellites. Beam collection efficiency (BCE) is a commonly used indicator for evaluating performance of the microwave wireless power transmission systems. The BCE is defined as a ratio of the energy radiated onto the aperture of the rectifying rectenna to a total transmitted energy from a transmitting antenna. Many studies on antenna arrays mainly focus on optimizing array excitations to achieve high BCE. To reduce costs, arrays are generally in the form of subarrays. However, uniform arrays with same shape subarrays, due to the periodic arrangement of subarrays, can produce grating lobes during scanning, which greatly affects the safety and efficiency of the power transmission systems. Irregular tiled subarray phased arrays, which eliminate the grating lobes by disrupting phase centers, have attracted widespread attention. For irregular subarray division techniques, most scholars mainly focus on the maximum sidelobe level. Research in the microwave wireless power transmission field is relatively limited and mainly includes the following design ideas: (1) only considering the BCE when the transmitting antenna is directly facing the receiving antenna, first obtaining the reference excitation that maximizes the BCE, and then using excitation matching techniques to match the subarray feeding excitations to maximize the BCE when facing directly; and (2) considering the BCE of various receiving areas within a certain scanning range, first dividing the array based on generalized BCE convex optimization, followed by optimizing design of the feeding excitations on this dividing basis. Although the above designs provide methods for irregular subarray division and feeding excitation, each subarray has different feeding excitations, requiring many types of active channels, which is costly and still difficult to accept in engineering practice. SUMMARY In order to solve the above problems in the related art, the disclosure provides a design method of irregular tiled transmitting arrays for realizing multi-angle receiving microwave wireless power transmission. The disclosure has following technical solutions to solve the technical problems. The disclosure provides the design method of the irregular tiled transmitting arrays for realizing multi-angle receiving microwave wireless power transmission, including: step 1, constructing a filling set by using different types of 4-element polyomino subarrays as secondary subarrays, where the filling set includes multiple secondary subarray sets;step 2, scaling down a designed array according to a preset ratio to obtain a converted array, where a number of array elements in the converted array does not exceed 1000;step 3, obtaining, based on the filling set, a feasible filling solution set for the secondary subarrays of the converted array;step 4, scaling up the secondary subarrays of the converted array according to the preset ratio for restoring to obtain enlarged secondary subarrays, and obtaining a feasible filling solution set for primary subarrays of the enlarged secondary subarrays, where the primary subarrays include at least one of 2-element polyomino subarrays, the 4-element polyomino subarrays and 8-element polyomino subarrays;step 5, constructing a BCE optimization model for realizing multi-angle receiving microwave wireless power transmission; andstep 6, obtaining, based on the BCE optimization model, the feasible filling solution set for the secondary subarrays of the converted array, and the feasible filling solution set for the primary subarrays of the enlarged secondary subarrays, an optimal subarray filling solution of the designed array. In an embodiment, the optimal subarray filling solution of the designed array is an irregular subarray arrangement scheme for the transmitting antenna, and the design method further includes: manufacturing the transmitting antenna based on the irregular subarray arrangement scheme, and applying the transmitting antenna in scenarios such as drones, electric vehicles, and solar power satellites. In an embodiment, step 1 includes: step 1.1, determining irregularity degrees for the different types of the 4-element polyomino subarrays;step 1.2, sorting the different types of the 4-element polyomino subarrays in a descending order of the irregularity degrees to obtain sor