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US-12628491-B2 - Organic-inorganic adhesion layer and its use in perovskite solar cells and modules

US12628491B2US 12628491 B2US12628491 B2US 12628491B2US-12628491-B2

Abstract

Embodiments of the disclosure include an electronic device comprising a first electrode, a second electrode, a first layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, the first layer comprising a metal-halide perovskite material, and an adhesive layer disposed between the first layer and the second electrode, wherein the adhesive layer comprises an organic material. Embodiments of the disclosure generally relate to photovoltaic module products, such as photovoltaic cells, photovoltaic devices and photovoltaic modules that include an absorber layer that comprise a perovskite material. Embodiments of the disclosure include an improved perovskite solar cell architecture that includes one or more buffer layers disposed within the multilayer stack of thin films used to form a solar cell that can exhibit high solar cell performance, and provide stronger adhesion between adjacent layers and/or cohesion within a layer within the multilayer stack used to form the solar cell device.

Inventors

  • Timothy Sean GEHAN
  • Colin David Bailie

Assignees

  • Tandem PV

Dates

Publication Date
20260512
Application Date
20231011

Claims (20)

  1. 1 . An electronic device comprising: a first electrode; a second electrode; a first layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, the first layer comprising a metal-halide perovskite material; a second layer comprising a carrier-selective material disposed on the first layer; and an adhesive layer comprising an organic material disposed between the second layer and the second electrode, wherein the adhesive layer comprises a multilayer stack comprising an adhesion-promoting layer and a third layer comprising a buffer material, wherein the adhesion-promoting layer is disposed on the second layer, and the organic material has an electronic mobility of 1×10 −5 cm 2 /V/s or greater.
  2. 2 . The electronic device of claim 1 , wherein the second layer further comprises one or more fullerenes.
  3. 3 . The electronic device of claim 1 , wherein the adhesion-promoting layer comprises an organic material different than the buffer material.
  4. 4 . The electronic device of claim 3 , wherein the buffer material comprises a bathocuproine compound.
  5. 5 . The electronic device of claim 3 , wherein the buffer material comprises an inorganic material.
  6. 6 . The electronic device of claim 1 , wherein the organic material comprises a bathocuproine compound.
  7. 7 . An electronic device comprising: a first electrode; a second electrode; a first layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, the first layer comprising a metal-halide perovskite material; a second layer comprising a carrier-selective material disposed on the first layer, wherein the second layer comprises a bathocuproine compound; and an adhesive layer comprising an organic material disposed between the second layer and the second electrode, wherein the adhesive layer comprises a multilayer stack comprising an adhesion-promoting layer and a third layer comprising a buffer material, wherein the adhesion-promoting layer is disposed on the second layer.
  8. 8 . The electronic device of claim 1 , wherein the second electrode is disposed on the adhesive layer.
  9. 9 . The electronic device of claim 1 , wherein the third layer is disposed on the adhesion-promoting layer, and the adhesion-promoting layer is disposed between the second layer and the third layer.
  10. 10 . The electronic device of claim 1 , wherein the organic material comprises a naphthalene compound, a phenanthroline compound, a perylene compound, a fluorene compound, a carbazole compound, a rylene compound, or any combination thereof.
  11. 11 . The electronic device of claim 10 , wherein the organic material comprises one or more functional groups selected from a diol, a hydroxyl, a hydroxymethyl, a carboxylate, an aldehyde, a carboxylic acid, a boronic acid, a methoxy, a tetrone, a carbonyl, an amino-N-oxide, a thiol, a thioester, a sulfide, a sulfoxide, a sulfilimine, a thioketone, a thioaldehyde, a S-oxide, a S,S-dioxide, a sulfene, a thiocarboxylic acid, a sulfonic acid, a sulfenic acid, a sulfonate ester, a sulfoxonium, any salt thereof, or any combination thereof.
  12. 12 . The electronic device of claim 1 , wherein the organic material comprises: 2,2′-bipyridine-6,6′-diol; 4,4′-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2,2′-bipyridine; dimethyl 2,2′-bipyridine-5,5′-dicarboxylate; dimethyl 2,2′-bipyridine-4,4′-dicarboxylate; 2,2′-bipyridine-5,5′-dicarboxylic acid; 2,2′-bipyridine-3,3′-dicarboxylic acid; 4,4′-dimethoxy-2,2′-bipyridyl; 4,7-dihydroxy-1,10-phenanthroline; 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione; 1,4,5,8 naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride; 2,7-dihexylbenzo[lmn][3,8]phenanthroline-1,3,6,8(2H,7H)-tetrone; 1,3,6,8(2H,7H)-tetraone,2,7-dicyclohexylbenzo[lmn][3,8]phenanthroline; 2,9-Bis[2-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl]anthra[2,1,9-def:6,5,10-d′e′f′]diisoquinoline-1,3,8,10(2H,9H)tetrone; N,N′-di(4-pyridyl)-1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxdiimide; 1,8:4,5-naphthalenetetracarboxdiimide; 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione; 5,8-dimethyldibenzo[b,j][1, 10]phenanthroline-6,7-diol; bathocuproinedisulfonic acid disodium salt hydrate; 4,7-dimethoxy-1,10-phenanthroline; salts thereof, or any combination thereof.
  13. 13 . The electronic device of claim 1 , wherein the organic material comprises: 4-(N,N-diphenylamino)benzaldehyde; 4-(diphenylamino)phenylboronic acid; 4-nitrotriphenylamine; N,N,N′,N′-tetrakis(4-methoxyphenyl)benzidine; 4-[bis(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]benzaldehyde; 9-fluorenylmethanol; 9-fluorenone-4-carboxylic acid; 9,9′-spirobi[9H-fluorene]-2-boronic acid; 9,9′-spirobi[9H-fluorene]-2-boronic acid; 2-hydroxy-9-fluorenone; 1-fluorenecarboxylic acid; (9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluorene-2,7-diyl)diboronic acid; 9,9-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)fluorene; 3,6-diaminocarbazole; 2-methoxycarbazole; 4-hydroxycarbazole; salts thereof, or any combination thereof.
  14. 14 . The electronic device of claim 1 , wherein the organic material has a bandgap of 2 eV or greater.
  15. 15 . The electronic device of claim 1 , wherein the organic material has a conduction band level of −5.5 eV or less with respect to vacuum level.
  16. 16 . The electronic device of claim 1 , wherein the adhesive layer has a thickness in a range from about 0.5 nm to about 200 nm.
  17. 17 . An electronic device comprising: a first electrode; a second electrode; a first layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, the first layer comprising a metal-halide perovskite material; a second layer comprising a carrier-selective material disposed on the first layer; and an adhesive layer comprising an organic material disposed between the second layer and the second electrode, wherein the adhesive layer comprises a multilayer stack comprising an adhesion-promoting layer and a third layer comprising a buffer material, wherein the adhesion-promoting layer is disposed on the second layer, wherein the organic material has an optical transmission of greater than 90% for photons having a wavelength in a range from about 700 nm to about 1,200 nm.
  18. 18 . The electronic device of claim 1 , wherein the organic material is comprised of molecules with a core group and chelating termination moieties.
  19. 19 . The electronic device of claim 1 , wherein the organic material comprises a compound having a molecular weight in a range from about 100 g/mol to 2,000 g/mol.
  20. 20 . The electronic device of claim 1 , wherein the organic material of the adhesive layer comprises a compound having a molecular weight in a range from greater than 2,000 g/mol to 10,000 g/mol.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application claims benefit of U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No. 63/379,094, filed Oct. 12, 2022, which is herein incorporated by reference. BACKGROUND Field Embodiments of the present invention generally relate to photovoltaic module products, such as photovoltaic cells, photovoltaic modules and methods of making the same. Description of the Related Art Thin-film metal-halide perovskite (MHP) photovoltaic (PV) solar cells are one of the most promising solar technologies developed in the past 20 years. Many of the processes for fabricating perovskite solar cells, such as electrode deposition, heterojunction layer deposition, scribing, and module lamination can draw directly from pre-existing manufacturing processes and tools developed for solar panels or other thin-film technologies. However, perovskite absorber film stacks pose unique processing challenges that have no analogs in current solar manufacturing. However, it is believed that metal-halide perovskite photovoltaic solar cells are a promising pathway to making durable high-efficiency PV module products. Metal-halide perovskite layers are often deposited as part of a multilayer stack of thin films, which may be used for photovoltaics, and have also found applications in light-emitting diodes, photodetectors, and lasers, among other applications. The metal-halide perovskite is often employed as an intrinsic or near-intrinsic semiconductor sandwiched between two carrier-selective materials to form a diode structure, and those three layers themselves are often sandwiched between two degenerately-doped semiconductors or metals that serve as electrodes, as depicted in FIG. 1. However, these types of perovskite solar cells often exhibit poor adhesion and/or cohesion between the layers formed within the layers used to form the perovskite solar cell stack, and especially at the interfaces formed between organic materials and inorganic materials disposed within the multilayer stack of thin films used to form the solar cell device. The poor adhesion and/or cohesion between the layers will affect the long-term performance of semi-transparent perovskite solar cells and modules. This problem is novel to perovskite solar cell devices, since analogous technologies generally do not include stacked layers that include interfaces between organic and inorganic materials. Therefore there is a need for photovoltaic module products, such as photovoltaic cells, photovoltaic modules and methods of making the same that solve the problems described above. SUMMARY Embodiments of the disclosure include an electronic device comprising a first electrode, a second electrode, a first layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, the first layer comprising a metal-halide perovskite material, and an adhesive layer disposed between the first layer and the second electrode, wherein the adhesive layer comprises an organic material. Embodiments of the disclosure generally relate to photovoltaic module products, such as photovoltaic cells, photovoltaic devices and photovoltaic modules that include an absorber layer that comprise a perovskite material. The organic material may have at least one of an electronic mobility of 1×10−5 cm2/V/s or greater, a bandgap of 2 eV or greater, a conduction band level of −5.5 eV or less with respect to vacuum level, and an optical transmission of greater than 90% for photons having a wavelength in a range from about 700 nm to about 1,200 nm. The adhesive layer can have a thickness in a range from about 0.5 nm to about 200 nm. The organic material may also include molecules with a core group and chelating termination moieties. The organic material may also include a compound having a molecular weight in a range from about 100 g/mol to 2,000 g/mol, a compound having a molecular weight in a range from greater than 2,000 g/mol to 10,000 g/mol, or a compound having a molecular weight in a range from greater than 10,000 g/mol to about 1,000,000 g/mol. In some embodiments, the adhesive layer is an electron-selective layer or a hole carrier-selective layer. Embodiments of the disclosure also include an electronic device comprising An electronic device comprising a first electrode, a second electrode, a first layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, the first layer comprising a metal-halide perovskite material, and a second layer disposed between the first layer and the second electrode. The second layer can include one or more conjugated or non-conjugated core material groups and one or more termination moieties. The core material groups can be selected from bipyridine, naphthalene, perylene, phenanthroline, fluorene, triarylamine, carbazole, other rylene type material groups, other aromatic or nonaromatic conjugated groups, and linear or branched alkyl chains. The termination moieties can be selected from diols, hydroxyls, hydroxymethyls, carboxylates, alde