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US-20260125600-A1 - LIQUID CRYSTAL COMPOSITION AND DISPLAY PANEL

US20260125600A1US 20260125600 A1US20260125600 A1US 20260125600A1US-20260125600-A1

Abstract

A liquid crystal composition and a display panel are provided herein. The liquid crystal composition includes a liquid crystal compound, a self-alignment compound, and a first polymerizable compound. The self-alignment compound is represented by the following formula I, and the first polymerizable compound is represented by the following formula II-1: The display panel includes a first substrate; a second substrate disposed opposite to the first substrate; a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate; an alignment layer disposed at least on a side of the first substrate close to the liquid crystal layer, where the alignment layer comprises a polymerization product of the self-alignment compound and the first polymerizable compound in the liquid crystal composition.

Inventors

  • Hao Zhou
  • Xiao Liu
  • Ji Li

Assignees

  • TCL CHINA STAR OPTOELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD.

Dates

Publication Date
20260507
Application Date
20250110
Priority Date
20241106

Claims (20)

  1. 1 . A liquid crystal composition comprising a liquid crystal compound, a self-alignment compound, and a polymerizable compound comprising a first polymerizable compound, wherein the self-alignment compound is represented by the following formula I, and the first polymerizable compound is represented by the following formula II-1: wherein R 1 is selected from —H, an alkyl group having 1-10 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1-10 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2-10 carbon atoms, an alkenyloxy group having 2-10 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3-10 carbon atoms, or an aromatic group having 6-10 ring atoms; provided that when R 1 has one or more —CH 2 — groups not connected together, the one or more —CH 2 — groups not connected together in R 1 are unsubstituted, or, the one or more —CH 2 — groups not connected together in R 1 are independently substituted by —O—, —S—, —CO—, —C(O)O—, —OC(O)—, —OC(O)O—, —CH 2 CH 2 —, —(CH 2 ) 3 —, —CH 2 O—, —OCH 2 —, —CH═CH—, or —C≡C—; and provided that when the R 1 has one or more H atoms, the one or more H atoms in R 1 are not replaced, or, the one or more H atoms in R 1 are independently replaced by F, Cl, Br, or I; Z 1 , Z 2 , and Z 3 are independently selected from a single bond, —O—, —S—, —CO—, —C(O)O—, —OC(O)—, —CF 2 O—, —OCF 2 —, —CH 2 CH 2 —, —CH 2 O—, —OCH 2 —, —CH═CH—, an alkylidene group having 1-10 carbon atoms, an alkenylidene group having 2-10 carbon atoms, or an alkynyl group having 2-10 carbon atoms; provided that when Z 1 , Z 2 , and Z 3 have one or more —CH 2 — groups not connected together, the one or more —CH 2 — groups not connected together in Z 1 , Z 2 , and Z 3 are unsubstituted or, the one or more —CH 2 — groups not connected together in Z 1 , Z 2 , and Z 3 are independently substituted by —O—, —S—, —CO—, —C(O)O—, —OC(O)—, —CF 2 O—, —OCF 2 —, —CH 2 CH 2 —, —CH 2 O—, —OCH 2 —, —CH═CH—, or —C≡C—; and provided that when Z 1 , Z 2 , and Z 3 have one or more H atoms, the one or more H atoms in Z 1 , Z 2 , and Z 3 are not replaced, or, the one or more H atoms in Z 1 , Z 2 , and Z 3 are independently replaced by F, Cl, Br, or I; X is selected from a single bond, —O—, —S—, —CO—, —CH 2 —, or —CF 2 —; L is independently selected from —H, —F, —Cl, —CF 3 , -Sp, an alkyl group having 1-10 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1-10 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2-10 carbon atoms, an alkenyloxy group having 2-10 carbon atoms, an alkynyl group having 2-10 carbon atoms, an alkynyloxy having 2-10 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3-10 carbon atoms, or an aromatic group having 6-10 ring atoms; provided that when L has one or more —CH 2 — groups not connected together, the one or more —CH 2 — groups not connected together in L are unsubstituted, or the one or more —CH 2 — groups not connected together in L are independently substituted by —O—, —S—, —CO—, —C(O)O—, —OC(O)—, —OC(O)O—, —CH 2 CH 2 —, —(CH 2 ) 3 —, —CH 2 O—, —OCH 2 —, —CH═CH—, or —C≡C—; and provided that when L has one or more H atoms, the one or more H atoms in L are not replaced, or, the one or more H atoms in L are independently replaced by F, Cl, Br, or I; are independently selected from wherein one or more —CH 2 — groups not connected together in are unsubstituted or independently substituted by —O—; Sp is independently selected from an ether group, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an alkenyl group, an alkenyloxy group, or a polymerizable group, and at least one Sp is a polymerizable group; T is a group containing a hydroxyl group; one or more H atoms in benzene rings of the formula I are not replaced, or, one or more H atoms in benzene rings of the formula I are independently replaced by —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, —SCN, —NCS, an alkyl group having 1-10 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1-10 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2-10 carbon atoms, an alkenyloxy group having 2-10 carbon atoms, an alkynyl group having 2-10 carbon atoms, or an alkynyloxy having 2-10 carbon atoms; R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , and R 5 are independently selected from —H, —F, —CF 3 , an alkyl group having 1-5 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1-5 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2-5 carbon atoms, or an alkenyloxy group having 2-5 carbon atoms; and provided that when R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , and R 5 have one or more H atoms, the one or more H atoms in R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , and R 5 are not replaced, or, the one or more H atoms in R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , and R 5 are independently replaced by F, Cl, Br, or I; n is selected from 1, 2, or 3; a, b, c, and d are independently selected from 0, 1, 2, or 3, and a sum of a and b is greater than or equal to 1; p and q are independently selected from 0, 1, or 2; and e and f are independently selected from 0, 1, or 2, and a sum of e and f is greater than or equal to 1.
  2. 2 . The liquid crystal composition of claim 1 , wherein T is represented by the following formula (1): wherein R 8 , R 9 , and R 10 are independently selected from —H, —OH, —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, —SCN, —NCS, an alkyl group having 1-10 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1-10 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2-10 carbon atoms, an alkenyloxy group having 2-10 carbon atoms, an alkynyl group having 2-10 carbon atoms, or an alkynyloxy having 2-10 carbon atoms; provided that, when R 8 , R 9 , and R 10 have one or more end groups, the one or more end groups in R 8 , R 9 , and R 10 are independently replaced by —OH, —CN, or —CF 3 , and at least of the end groups in R 8 , R 9 , and R 10 is —OH; when R 8 , R 9 , and R 10 have one or more —CH 2 — groups, the one or more —CH 2 — groups in R 8 , R 9 , and R 10 are unsubstituted, or, the one or more —CH 2 — groups in R 8 , R 9 , and R 10 are independently substituted by —O—, —S—, —CO—, —C(O)O—, —OC(O)—, —CF 2 O—, —OCF 2 —, —CH 2 CH 2 —, —CH 2 O—, —OCH 2 —, —CH═CH—, or —C≡C—, and heteroatoms therein directly linked to C are not directly linked to each other; and when R 8 , R 9 , and R 10 have one or more H atoms, the one or more H atoms in R 8 , R 9 , and R 10 are not replaced, or, the one or more H atoms in R 8 , R 9 , and R 10 are independently replaced by F, Cl, Br, or I; Z 4 is selected from a single bond, —O—, —S—, —CO—, —C(O)O—, —OC(O)—, —CF 2 O—, —OCF 2 —, —CH 2 CH 2 —, —CH 2 O—, —OCH 2 —, —CH═CH—, an alkylidene group having 1-10 carbon atoms, an alkenylidene group having 2-10 carbon atoms, or an alkynyl group having 2-10 carbon atoms; provided that when Z 4 has one or more —CH 2 — groups not connected together, the one or more —CH 2 — groups not connected together in Z 4 are unsubstituted, or, the one or more —CH 2 — groups not connected together in Z 4 are independently substituted by —O—, —S—, —CO—, —C(O)O—, —OC(O)—, —CF 2 O—, —OCF 2 —, —CH 2 CH 2 —, —CH 2 O—, —OCH 2 —, —CH═CH—, or —C≡C—; and when Z 4 has one or more H atoms, the one or more H atoms in Z 4 are not replaced, or, the one or more H atoms in Z 4 are independently replaced by F, Cl, Br, or I; and k is any integer from 0 to 10.
  3. 3 . The liquid crystal composition of claim 1 , wherein Sp is independently represented by the following formula (2) or formula (3): wherein Z 5 is independently selected from a single bond, —O—, —S—, —CO—, —C(O)O—, —OC(O)—, —CF 2 O—, —OCF 2 —, —CH 2 CH 2 —, —CH 2 O—, —OCH 2 —, —CH═CH—, an alkylidene group having 1-10 carbon atoms, an alkenylidene group having 2-10 carbon atoms, or an alkynyl group having 2-10 carbon atoms; provided that, when Z 5 has one or more —CH 2 — groups not connected together, the one or more —CH 2 — groups not connected together in Z 5 are unsubstituted, or, the one or more —CH 2 — groups not connected together in Z 5 are independently substituted by —O—, —S—, —CO—, —C(O)O—, —OC(O)—, —CF 2 O—, —OCF 2 —, —CH 2 CH 2 —, —CH 2 O—, —OCH 2 —, —CH═CH—, or —C≡C—; and when Z 5 has one or more H atoms, the one or more H atoms in Z 5 are not replaced, or, the one or more H atoms in Z 5 are independently replaced by F, Cl, Br, or I; and m is any integer from 0 to 10.
  4. 4 . The liquid crystal composition of claim 1 , wherein the self-alignment compound is selected from at least one of a group consisting of compounds represented by the following formulae I-1 to I-20: wherein Sp is independently selected from an ether group, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an alkenyl group, an alkenyloxy group, or a polymerizable group, and at least one Sp in each of formulae I-1 to I-20 is a polymerizable group; T is a group containing a hydroxyl group; a and b are independently selected from 0, 1, or 2, and the sum of a and b is greater than or equal to 1; n is independently selected from 1 or 2; and definitions of R 1 in formulae I-1 to I-20 are the same as the definition of R 1 in formula I.
  5. 5 . The liquid crystal composition of claim 4 , wherein the self-alignment compound is selected from at least one of a group consisting of compounds represented by the following formulae I-1-1 to I-20-4: wherein definitions of R 1 in formulae I-1-1 to I-20-4 are the same as the definition of R 1 in formula I.
  6. 6 . The liquid crystal composition of claim 1 , wherein the self-alignment compound is selected from at least one of a group consisting of the following compounds:
  7. 7 . The liquid crystal composition of claim 1 , wherein the self-alignment compound in the liquid crystal composition ranges from 0.01% to 1.50% by mass.
  8. 8 . The liquid crystal composition of claim 1 , wherein the first polymerizable compound is selected from at least one of a group consisting of the following compounds:
  9. 9 . The liquid crystal composition of claim 1 , wherein the first polymerizable compound in the self-alignment compound ranges from 0.01 to 1.20% by mass.
  10. 10 . The liquid crystal composition of claim 1 , wherein the polymerizable compound further comprises a second polymerizable compound represented by the following formula II-2: wherein definitions of Sp, R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , and R 5 , e, and f in formula II-2 are the same as the definitions of Sp, R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , and R 5 , e, and f in formula II-1.
  11. 11 . The liquid crystal composition of claim 10 , wherein the second polymerizable compound is selected from at least one of a group consisting of the following compounds:
  12. 12 . The liquid crystal composition of claim 10 , wherein the second polymerizable compound in the liquid crystal composition ranges from 0.01% to 1.50% by mass.
  13. 13 . The liquid crystal composition of claim 1 , wherein the polymerizable compound further comprises a third polymerizable compound represented by the following formula II-3: wherein definitions of Sp, R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , and R 5 , e, and f in formula II-3 are the same as the definitions of Sp, R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , and R 5 , e, and f in formula II-1.
  14. 14 . The liquid crystal composition of claim 13 , wherein the third polymerizable compound is selected from at least one of a group consisting of the following compounds:
  15. 15 . The liquid crystal composition of claim 13 , wherein the third polymerizable compound in the liquid crystal composition ranges from 0 to 1.20% by mass.
  16. 16 . The liquid crystal composition of claim 1 , wherein the liquid crystal compound is represented by the following formula III: wherein R 6 and R 7 are independently selected from —H, —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, —SCN, —NCS, an alkyl group having 1-10 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1-10 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2-10 carbon atoms, an alkenyloxy group having 2-10 carbon atoms, an alkynyl group having 2-10 carbon atoms, or an alkynyloxy having 2-10 carbon atoms; provided that when R 6 and R 7 have one or more end groups, the one or more end groups in R 6 and R 7 are not replaced, or, the one or more end groups in R 6 and R 7 are independently replaced by —CN or —CF 3 ; provided that when R 6 and R 7 have one or more —CH 2 — groups, the one or more —CH 2 — groups in R 6 and R 7 are unsubstituted, or, the one or more —CH 2 — groups in R 6 and R 7 are independently substituted by —O—, —S—, —CO—, —C(O)O—, —OC(O)—, —CF 2 O—, —OCF 2 —, —CH 2 CH 2 —, —CH 2 O—, —OCH 2 —, —CH═CH—, —C≡C—, and heteroatoms therein directly linked to C are not directly linked to each other; and when R 6 and R 7 have one or more H atoms, the one or more H atoms in R 6 and R 7 are not replaced, or, the one or more H atoms in R 6 and R 7 are independently replaced by F, Cl, Br, or I.
  17. 17 . The liquid crystal composition of claim 16 , wherein the liquid crystal compound in the liquid crystal composition ranges from 5% to 70% by mass.
  18. 18 . The liquid crystal composition of claim 1 , wherein the liquid crystal composition further comprises at least one compound selected from at least one of a group consisting of compounds represented by the following formulae IV, V, and VI: wherein are independently selected from is selected from and one or more —CH 2 — groups in are not replaced or independently replaced by —O—; Z 6 is selected from a single bond, —O—, —S—, —CO—, —C(O)O—, —OC(O)—, —CF 2 O—, —OCF 2 —, —CH 2 CH 2 —, —CH 2 O—, —OCH 2 —, —CH═CH—, an alkylidene group having 1-10 carbon atoms, an alkenylidene group having 2-10 carbon atoms, or an alkynyl group having 2-10 carbon atoms; provided that when Z 6 has one or more —CH 2 — groups not connected together, the one or more —CH 2 — groups not connected together in Z 6 are unsubstituted, or, the one or more —CH 2 — groups not connected together in Z 6 are independently substituted by —O—, —S—, —CO—, —C(O)O—, —OC(O)—, —CF 2 O—, —OCF 2 —, —CH 2 CH 2 —, —CH 2 O—, —OCH 2 —, —CH═CH—, or —C≡C—; and when Z 6 has one or more H atoms, the one or more H atoms in Z 6 are not replaced, or, the one or more H atoms in Z 6 are independently replaced by F, Cl, Br, or I; and R 11 , R 12 , R 13 , R 14 , R 15 , and R 16 are independently selected from —H, —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, —SCN, —NCS, an alkyl group having 1-10 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1-10 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2-10 carbon atoms, an alkenyloxy group having 2-10 carbon atoms, an alkynyl group having 2-10 carbon atoms, or an alkynyloxy having 2-10 carbon atoms; provided that when R 11 , R 12 , R 13 , R 14 , R 15 , and R 16 have one or more end groups, the one or more end groups in R 11 , R 12 , R 13 , R 14 , R 15 , and R 16 are not replaced, or, the one or more end groups in R 11 , R 12 , R 13 , R 14 , R 15 , and R 16 are independently replaced by —CN or —CF 3 ; when R 11 , R 12 , R 13 , R 14 , R 15 , and R 16 have one or more —CH 2 — groups, the one or more —CH 2 — groups in R 11 , R 12 , R 13 , R 14 , R 15 , and R 16 are not substituted, or, the one or more —CH 2 — groups in R 11 , R 12 , R 13 , R 14 , R 15 , and R 16 are independently substituted by —O—, —S—, —CO—, —C(O)O—, —OC(O)—, —CF 2 O—, —OCF 2 —, —CH 2 CH 2 —, —CH 2 O—, —OCH 2 —, —CH═CH—, or —C≡C—, and heteroatoms therein directly linked to C are not directly linked to each other; and when R 1 , R 12 , R 13 , R 14 , R 15 , and R 16 have one or more H atoms, the one or more H atoms in R 11 , R 12 , R 13 , R 14 , R 15 , and R 16 are not replaced, or, the one or more H atoms in R 11 , R 12 , R 13 , R 14 , R 15 , and R 16 are independently replaced by F, Cl, Br, or I.
  19. 19 . The liquid crystal composition of claim 18 , wherein the liquid crystal composition further comprises at least one compound represented by formula IV, at least one compound represented by formula V, and at least one compound represented by formula VI; and wherein the compound represented by formula IV in the liquid crystal composition ranges from 1% to 30% by mass, the compound represented by formula V in the liquid crystal composition ranges from 1% to 30% by mass, and the compound represented by formula VI in the liquid crystal composition ranges from 1% to 40% by mass.
  20. 20 . A display panel comprising: a first substrate; a second substrate disposed opposite to the first substrate; a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate; an alignment layer disposed at least on a side of the first substrate close to the liquid crystal layer, wherein the alignment layer comprises a polymerization product of the self-alignment compound and the polymerizable compound in the liquid crystal composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the self-alignment compound is represented by the following formula I, the polymerizable compound comprises a first polymerizable compound, and the first polymerizable compound is represented by the following formula II-1:

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION This application claims the priority to and benefits of Chinese Patent Application No. 202411579665.2, filed on Nov. 6, 2024, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. TECHNICAL FIELD The disclosure relates to the field of display, and in particular, to a liquid crystal composition and a display panel. BACKGROUND Liquid crystal materials are widely used in various display devices such as mobile phones, televisions, and computers. Liquid crystals in a thin film transistor liquid crystal display panel (TFT-LCD) function as “light valves”, and the liquid crystals adjust the brightness of a display device by controlling the transmittance of backlight of the display device. A traditional vertical alignment (VA) liquid crystal display panel is composed of a thin film transistor (TFT) substrate, a color filter (CF) substrate, and polyimide (PI) alignment layers and liquid crystals disposed between the TFT substrate and the CF substrate, in which vertical alignments of liquid crystal molecules are achieved through the PI alignment layers. When the voltage applied on the display device including the VA liquid crystal display panel that displays in a VA mode is 0 V, long axis directions of the liquid crystal molecules are perpendicular to the TFT substrate and the CF substrate. After passing through a polarizer disposed on the TFT substrate, natural light forms linearly polarized light. Since a polarization state and a polarization direction of the linearly polarized light cannot be changed by the liquid crystal molecules, the linearly polarized light will be absorbed by a polarizer disposed on the CF substrate, that is, incident light perpendicular to the TFT substrate and the CF substrate cannot pass through the display device, resulting in a dark display effect of the display device, and therefore, the display device in the VA mode has negative dielectric anisotropy (As) and high contrast. At present, the display device including the liquid crystal display panel have a plurality of film structures that require a large number of manufacturing processes. Therefore, liquid crystal materials suitable for reducing manufacturing processes may need to be developed. SUMMARY Embodiments of the disclosure provide a liquid crystal composition including a liquid crystal compound, a self-alignment compound, and a polymerizable compound including a first polymerizable compound, the self-alignment compound is represented by the following formula I, and the first polymerizable compound is represented by the following formula II-1; in which R1 is selected from —H, an alkyl group having 1-10 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1-10 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2-10 carbon atoms, an alkenyloxy group having 2-10 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3-10 carbon atoms, or an aromatic group having 6-10 ring atoms; one or more —CH2— groups not connected together in R1 are not replaced, or, one or more —CH2— groups not connected together in R1 are independently replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO—, —C(O)O—, —OC(O)—, —OC(O)O—, —CH2CH2—, —(CH2)3—, —CH2O—, —OCH2—, —CH═CH—, or —C≡C—; and one or more H atoms in R1 are unsubstituted, or, one or more H atoms in R1 are independently substituted by F, Cl, Br, or I;Z1, Z2, and Z3 are independently selected from a single bond, —O—, —S—, —CO—, —C(O)O—, —OC(O)—, —CF2O—, —OCF2—, —CH2CH2—, —CH2O—, —OCH2—, —CH═CH—, an alkylidene group having 1-10 carbon atoms, an alkenylidene group having 2-10 carbon atoms, or an alkynyl group having 2-10 carbon atoms; one or more —CH2— groups not connected together in Z1, Z2, and Z3 are not replaced or, one or more —CH2— groups not connected together in Z1, Z2, and Z3 are independently replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO—, —C(O)O—, —OC(O)—, —CF2O—, —OCF2—, —CH2CH2—, —CH2O—, —OCH2—, —CH═CH—, or —C≡C—; and one or more H atoms in Z1, Z2, and Z3 are unsubstituted, or, one or more H atoms in Z1, Z2, and Z3 are independently substituted by F, Cl, Br, or I;X is selected from a single bond, —O—, —S—, —CO—, —CH2—, or —CF2—;L is independently selected from —H, —F, —Cl, —CF3, -Sp, an alkyl group having 1-10 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1-10 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2-10 carbon atoms, an alkenyloxy group having 2-10 carbon atoms, an alkynyl group having 2-10 carbon atoms, an alkynyloxy having 2-10 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3-10 carbon atoms, or an aromatic group having 6-10 ring atoms; one or more —CH2— groups not connected together in L are replaced, one or more —CH2— groups not connected together in L are independently replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO—, —C(O)O—, —OC(O)—, —OC(O)O—, —CH2CH2—, —(CH2)3—, —CH2O—, —OCH2—, —CH═CH—, or —C≡C—; and one or more H atoms in L are unsubstituted, or, one or more H atoms in L are independently substituted by F, Cl, Br, or I; are independently selected from in which one or more —CH2— groups not connected together in and are not replaced or independently