US-20260125957-A1 - ESTURINE WETLAND SEDIMENT COLUMN SAMPLING APPARATUS AND METHOD

US20260125957A1US 20260125957 A1US20260125957 A1US 20260125957A1US-20260125957-A1

Abstract

An estuarine wetland sediment column sampling apparatus and method are provided. The estuarine wetland sediment column sampling apparatus includes a controller, a drill and a stabilizing frame; the stabilizing frame includes traction components, a drill lifting passage and a base. The traction components include first linear structures, a second linear structure, and ring-shaped structures arranged on a top of the drill lifting passage, the base, and a top of the drill, respectively. The first linear structures pass through the ring-shaped structure on the top of the drill lifting passage and the ring-shaped structure on the base in sequence and is secured to the base. The drill lifting passage is arranged above the base and capable of passing through the base. The second linear structure tows the drill to lift and fall in the drill lifting passage. Counterweight components are arranged on the base.

Inventors

Lijuan CUI
Wei Li
Ziliang GUO
Weiwei Liu
Haoran LIU
Xin Zhao
Jian Gong
Manyin ZHANG
Henian WANG
Da'an WANG
Jianli Lu

Assignees

Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry

Dates

Publication Date: 20260507
Application Date: 20250701
Priority Date: 20241105

Claims (20)

1 . An estuarine wetland sediment column sampling apparatus, comprising: a controller, a drill and a stabilizing frame; wherein the stabilizing frame comprises traction components, a drill lifting passage and a base; the traction components comprise first linear structures, a second linear structure, and a first ring-shaped structure on a top of the drill lifting passage, a second ring-shaped structure on the base, and a third ring-shaped structure on a top of the drill; the first linear structures pass through the first ring-shaped structure on the top of the drill lifting passage and the second ring-shaped structure on the base in sequence and is secured to the base; the drill lifting passage is arranged above the base and capable of passing through the base; the second linear structure tows the drill to lift and fall in the drill lifting passage; counterweight components are arranged on the base; the controller is connected to the drill; the controller is provided with a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, the computer program, when executed by a processor, implementing a method of calculation for a drilling depth Y of the drill; the method of calculation is carried out in accordance with a following Equation I: Y = 1.0091 X ⁢ 1 + 0 . 8 ⁢ 31 ⁢ X ⁢ 2 - 0.001 X ⁢ 3 - 0.001 X ⁢ 4 + 0 . 0 ⁢ 7 ⁢ 6 Equation ⁢ I wherein in Equation I, Y is a dimensionless value of the drilling depth with dimension of meters, X1 is a dimensionless value of a water depth during sampling with dimension of meters, X2 is a dimensionless value of a preset length of a sediment column sample with dimension of meters, X3 is a dimensionless value of a weight of the counterweight components with dimension of kilograms, and X4 is a dimensionless value of a preset diameter of the sediment column sample with dimension of millimeters.
2 . The estuarine wetland sediment column sampling apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein a bottom cylinder having a through hole is arranged on the base; a middle ring is arranged in a middle position of the stabilizing frame corresponding to the bottom cylinder; an upper ring is arranged on an upper position of the stabilizing frame corresponding to the middle ring; the through hole of the bottom cylinder, a hollow circular hole of the middle ring, and a hollow circular hole of the upper ring are in positional correspondence in a vertical direction and form the drill lifting passage; and/or the controller is connected to the drill by wiring.
3 . The estuarine wetland sediment column sampling apparatus according to claim 2 , wherein the hollow circular hole of the upper ring and the hollow circular hole of the middle ring both have a bore diameter greater than a width of a widest part of the drill; and the through hole of the bottom cylinder has a bore diameter greater than an outside diameter of a sampling tube of the drill.
4 . The estuarine wetland sediment column sampling apparatus according to claim 2 , wherein several support columns are arranged upwardly on a top surface of the bottom cylinder; bottom ends of the several support columns are uniformly distributed along a circumference of the bottom cylinder; and the several support columns pass through the middle ring, top ends of the several support columns are connected to a bottom surface of the upper ring.
5 . The estuarine wetland sediment column sampling apparatus according to claim 2 , wherein the base further comprises several connecting bars that uniformly extend axially outwardly from a side wall of the bottom cylinder; and outer sides of the several connecting bars are connected to a base rim.
6 . The estuarine wetland sediment column sampling apparatus according to claim 5 , wherein the base rim is selected from a rectangular structure or a hexagonal structure; and/or a number of the several support columns ranges from 6 to 12; and/or a number of the several connecting bars is 6; and/or the several connecting bars are cuboid in shape; and/or counterweight blocks are respectively arranged on top surfaces of three connecting bars, that are spaced apart, of the several connecting bars; and/or inclined braces are respectively arranged on top surfaces of another three connecting bars, that are spaced apart, of the several connecting bars; bottom ends of the inclined braces are connected to the connecting bars and top ends of the inclined braces are connected to the support columns; and/or the three connecting bars provided with the counterweight blocks do not overlap with the other three connecting bars provided with the inclined braces.
7 . The estuarine wetland sediment column sampling apparatus according to claim 5 , wherein three angle irons with circular holes are uniformly arranged on a circumference of a bottom surface of the upper ring in an outward direction; distances from centers of the circular holes in the three angle irons to a center of the hollow circular hole of the upper ring are equal; and/or upright lifting eyes are respectively arranged on top surfaces of three connecting bars of the several connecting bars provided with the counterweight blocks; distances from the lifting eyes to a center of the bottom cylinder are equal; and/or a hoist ring is arranged on the top of the drill; and/or the circular holes in the angle irons, the lifting eyes of the connecting bars, and the hoist ring on the top of the drill are ring-shaped structures; and/or the hoist ring on the top of the drill is connected to a hoist via the second linear structure; and/or the first linear structures and the second linear structure are both steel wire ropes.
8 . The estuarine wetland sediment column sampling apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the drill is an electroacoustic sampling drill; and/or gravity rings are arranged on a lower portion of the drill; and a sampling tube is connected to a lower portion of the gravity rings.
9 . An estuarine wetland sediment column sampling test method, comprising: performing sediment column sampling in an estuarine wetland by using an estuarine wetland sediment column sampling apparatus according to claim 1 .
10 . The estuarine wetland sediment column sampling test method according to claim 9 , comprising: arranging the estuarine wetland sediment column sampling apparatus on a surface layer of sediments in the estuarine wetland; inputting the weight of the counterweight components, the water depth during sampling, the preset length of the sediment column sample and the preset diameter of the sediment column sample to the controller; and starting the estuarine wetland sediment column sampling apparatus for operation.
11 . The estuarine wetland sediment column sampling apparatus according to claim 3 , wherein several support columns are arranged upwardly on a top surface of the bottom cylinder; bottom ends of the several support columns are uniformly distributed along a circumference of the bottom cylinder; and the several support columns pass through the middle ring, top ends of the several support columns are connected to a bottom surface of the upper ring.
12 . The estuarine wetland sediment column sampling test method according to claim 9 , wherein a bottom cylinder having a through hole is arranged on the base; a middle ring is arranged in a middle position of the stabilizing frame corresponding to the bottom cylinder; an upper ring is arranged on an upper position of the stabilizing frame corresponding to the middle ring; the through hole of the bottom cylinder, a hollow circular hole of the middle ring, and a hollow circular hole of the upper ring are in positional correspondence in a vertical direction and form the drill lifting passage; and/or the controller is connected to the drill by wiring.
13 . The estuarine wetland sediment column sampling test method according to claim 12 , wherein the hollow circular hole of the upper ring and the hollow circular hole of the middle ring both have a bore diameter greater than a width of a widest part of the drill; and the through hole of the bottom cylinder has a bore diameter greater than an outside diameter of a sampling tube of the drill.
14 . The estuarine wetland sediment column sampling test method according to claim 12 , wherein several support columns are arranged upwardly on a top surface of the bottom cylinder; bottom ends of the several support columns are uniformly distributed along a circumference of the bottom cylinder; and the several support columns pass through the middle ring, top ends of the several support columns are connected to a bottom surface of the upper ring.
15 . The estuarine wetland sediment column sampling test method according to claim 12 , wherein the base further comprises several connecting bars that uniformly extend axially outwardly from a side wall of the bottom cylinder; and outer sides of the several connecting bars are connected to a base rim.
16 . The estuarine wetland sediment column sampling test method according to claim 15 , wherein the base rim is selected from a rectangular structure or a hexagonal structure; and/or a number of the several support columns ranges from 6 to 12; and/or a number of the several connecting bars is 6; and/or the several connecting bars are cuboid in shape; and/or counterweight blocks are respectively arranged on top surfaces of three connecting bars, that are spaced apart, of the several connecting bars; and/or inclined braces are respectively arranged on top surfaces of another three connecting bars, that are spaced apart, of the several connecting bars; bottom ends of the inclined braces are connected to the connecting bars and top ends of the inclined braces are connected to the support columns; and/or the three connecting bars provided with the counterweight blocks do not overlap with the other three connecting bars provided with the inclined braces.
17 . The estuarine wetland sediment column sampling test method according to claim 15 , wherein three angle irons with circular holes are uniformly arranged on a circumference of a bottom surface of the upper ring in an outward direction; distances from centers of the circular holes in the three angle irons to a center of the hollow circular hole of the upper ring are equal; and/or upright lifting eyes are respectively arranged on top surfaces of three connecting bars of the several connecting bars provided with the counterweight blocks; distances from the lifting eyes to a center of the bottom cylinder are equal; and/or a hoist ring is arranged on the top of the drill; and/or the circular holes in the angle irons, the lifting eyes of the connecting bars, and the hoist ring on the top of the drill are ring-shaped structures; and/or the hoist ring on the top of the drill is connected to a hoist via the second linear structure; and/or the first linear structures and the second linear structure are both steel wire ropes.
18 . The estuarine wetland sediment column sampling test method according to claim 9 , wherein the drill is an electroacoustic sampling drill; and/or gravity rings are arranged on a lower portion of the drill; and a sampling tube is connected to a lower portion of the gravity rings.
19 . The estuarine wetland sediment column sampling test method according to claim 12 , comprising: arranging the estuarine wetland sediment column sampling apparatus on a surface layer of sediments in the estuarine wetland; inputting the weight of the counterweight components, the water depth during sampling, the preset length of the sediment column sample and the preset diameter of the sediment column sample to the controller; and starting the estuarine wetland sediment column sampling apparatus for operation.
20 . The estuarine wetland sediment column sampling test method according to claim 13 , comprising: arranging the estuarine wetland sediment column sampling apparatus on a surface layer of sediments in the estuarine wetland; inputting the weight of the counterweight components, the water depth during sampling, the preset length of the sediment column sample and the preset diameter of the sediment column sample to the controller; and starting the estuarine wetland sediment column sampling apparatus for operation.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION This patent application claims the benefit and priority of Chinese Patent Application No. 202411570538.6 filed with the China National Intellectual Property Administration on Nov. 5, 2024, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety as part of the present application. TECHNICAL FIELD The present disclosure belongs to the technical field of wetland sample collection, and specifically relates to an estuarine wetland sediment column sampling apparatus and method. BACKGROUND Estuarine wetlands are transitional zones where rivers, oceans and land meet, with active sedimentation/erosion processes, and are typical fragile ecosystems and ecological hotspots of great concern to the international community. The dense estuaries and significant differences in ecological characteristics of wetlands in the eastern part of China play an important role in maintaining biodiversity, improving water quality and sequestering carbon, and are important barriers to national ecological security. However, there are ecological problems such as water-sand anomalies and degradation of native vegetation, which seriously affect the regional sustainable development based on coordinated ecology, resources and socio-economic. It is of great theoretical significance to study the evolution process and degradation mechanism of important estuarine wetlands in the eastern part of China. However, the complex and varied topography and geomorphology, the active water and salt movement process and the high habitat heterogeneity of estuarine wetlands pose a great challenge to the collection of sediment column samples from the estuarine wetlands. At present, there are two main problems in the commonly used wetland sediment column sampling: firstly, it is mostly applied to marsh and lake wetlands with shallow water levels or static water surfaces, and it is difficult to collect sediment column samples effectively in rushing-current estuarine wetlands due to its inability to be fixed; secondly, a common gravity sampler, with an inside diameter of 58 mm or 84 mm, has a small sampling volume. Due to the high habitat heterogeneity of estuarine wetlands, it is difficult for most sediment column sampling apparatuses to collect sediment column samples with a diameter of 90 mm-100 mm and a length of 1.7 m-2 m within a water depth of 0 m-7.7 m. A column sampler track system is difficult to be promoted due to the high price because it needs to be equipped with a specialized research vessel for operation. Thus, there is a need to develop an inexpensive sampling apparatus suitable for estuarine wetlands and capable of collecting sediment column samples with a diameter of 90 mm-100 mm and a length of 1.7 m-2 m within a water depth of 0 m-7.7 m, for smoothly collecting sediment column samples from the estuarine wetlands. Moreover, the sampling apparatus is required to collect sediment column samples having the expected length and diameter in a controlled manner to meet the experimental requirements. SUMMARY In order to solve the technical problem of collecting sediment column samples in a rushing-current estuarine wetland in a convenient and economical manner at a water depth of 6 m-7.7 m below a water surface and smoothly, easily, intelligently and controllably sampling estuarine wetland sediments, the present disclosure provides an estuarine wetland sediment column sampling apparatus and method, which enables smooth collection of estuarine wetland sediment samples and significantly improves the integrity of collected samples. The apparatus achieves fast sampling within a short time during use, is detachable and assemblable, is easy to carry, and is low in manufacturing cost, which is conducive to the widespread popularization and use. The technical solution of the present disclosure is as follows: An estuarine wetland sediment column sampling apparatus includes a controller, a drill and a stabilizing frame; where the stabilizing frame includes traction components, a drill lifting passage and a base; the traction components include first linear structures, a second linear structure, and a first ring-shaped structure on a top of the drill lifting passage, a second ring-shaped structure on the base, and a third ring-shaped structure on a top of the drill; the first linear structures pass through the first ring-shaped structure on the top of the drill lifting passage and the second ring-shaped structure on the base in sequence and is secured to the base; the drill lifting passage is arranged above the base and capable of passing through the base; the second linear structure tows the drill to lift and fall in the drill lifting passage; counterweight components are arranged on the base; the controller is connected to the drill; the controller is provided with a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, the computer program, when executed by a processor, implementing a