US-20260126090-A1 - brake disc having ultra-high-speed laser cladded wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant coating on surface and preparation method therefor, and vehicle

US20260126090A1US 20260126090 A1US20260126090 A1US 20260126090A1US-20260126090-A1

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to the field of brake discs. Provided are a brake disc having a surface ultra-high-speed laser cladded wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant coating and a preparation method thereof, and a vehicle. The preparation method includes: performing pretreatment on a brake disc to obtain a brake disc to be cladded; adjusting an angle of the brake disc to be cladded, such that an included angle ∠1 between a surface to be cladded and an axis of a cladding head and an included angle ∠2 between an edge of the cladding head and the axis of the cladding head satisfy: ∠1+0.5∠2<90°; and sequentially performing ultra-high-speed laser cladding of a bottom layer and ultra-high-speed laser cladding of a hard surface layer on the brake disc to be cladded to obtain the brake disc having the surface ultra-high-speed laser cladded wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant coating. The surface to be cladded is disposed at a certain included angle to the axis of the cladding head, thereby avoiding damages to a cladding head assembly by high-power laser reflection; and during ultra-high-speed laser cladding, a turntable is regulated and controlled in a coordinated manner, such that a rotation speed of the brake disc and a movement speed of the cladding head synchronously vary over time, thereby ensuring that a linear speed and an overlap rate remain uniform during cladding.

Inventors

Ziqiang Pi
Kaiping Du
Xing Chen
Zhaoran Zheng
Chen Wang
Xin Zhang

Assignees

BGRIMM ADVANCED MATERIALS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd.

Dates

Publication Date: 20260507
Application Date: 20251105
Priority Date: 20241106

Claims (15)

1 . A method for preparing a brake disc having a surface ultra-high-speed laser cladded wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant coating, wherein the method comprises: performing pretreatment on a brake disc to obtain a brake disc to be cladded; and adjusting an angle of the brake disc to be cladded, such that an included angle ∠1 between a surface to be cladded and an axis of a cladding head and an included angle ∠2 between an edge of the cladding head and the axis of the cladding head satisfy: ∠ ⁢ 1 + 0 . 5 ⁢ ∠ ⁢ 2 < 90 ⁢ ° ; and sequentially performing ultra-high-speed laser cladding of a bottom layer and ultra-high-speed laser cladding of a hard surface layer on the brake disc to be cladded to obtain the brake disc having the surface ultra-high-speed laser cladded wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant coating, wherein the ultra-high-speed laser cladding of the bottom layer comprises: rotating the brake disc to be cladded, and performing the ultra-high-speed laser cladding of the bottom layer from inside to outside to obtain the brake disc having the bottom layer; the ultra-high-speed laser cladding of the hard surface layer comprises: performing, from outside to inside, the ultra-high-speed laser cladding of the hard surface layer on the brake disc having the bottom layer to obtain the brake disc having the surface ultra-high-speed laser cladded wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant coating; ∠1 remains unchanged during the ultra-high-speed laser cladding of the bottom layer and the ultra-high-speed laser cladding of the hard surface layer; in the ultra-high-speed laser cladding of the bottom layer, an initial rotation speed of the brake disc to be cladded meets: W 1 = V · D 1 - 1 / π ; in the ultra-high-speed laser cladding of the bottom layer, an initial movement speed of the cladding head meets: M 1 = L ⁡ ( 1 - η ) ⁢ V · D 1 - 1 / π ; during the ultra-high-speed laser cladding of the bottom layer, a rotation speed of the brake disc to be cladded is gradually decreased and meets: W 1 ′ = [ - D 1 + D 1 2 + 8 ⁢ L ⁡ ( 1 - η ) ⁢ V ⁢ t 1 / π ] / 4 ⁢ L ⁡ ( 1 - η ) ⁢ t 1 ; during the ultra-high-speed laser cladding of the bottom layer, a movement speed of the cladding head is gradually decreased and meets: M 1 ′ = [ - D 1 + D 1 2 + 8 ⁢ L ⁡ ( 1 - η ) ⁢ V ⁢ t 1 / π ] / 4 ⁢ t 1 ; in the ultra-high-speed laser cladding of the hard surface layer, an initial rotation speed of the brake disc having the bottom layer meets: W 2 = V · D 2 - 1 / π ; in the ultra-high-speed laser cladding of the hard surface layer, an initial movement speed of the cladding head meets: M 2 = L ⁡ ( 1 - η ) ⁢ V · D 2 - 1 / π ; during the ultra-high-speed laser cladding of the hard surface layer, a rotation speed of the brake disc having the bottom layer is gradually increased and meets: W 2 ′ = [ D 2 + D 2 - 2 ⁢ 8 ⁢ L ⁡ ( 1 - η ) ⁢ V ⁢ t 2 / π ] / 4 ⁢ L ⁡ ( 1 - η ) ⁢ t 2 ; and during the ultra-high-speed laser cladding of the hard surface layer, a movement speed of the cladding head is gradually increased and meets: M 2 ′ = [ D 2 + D 2 - 2 ⁢ 8 ⁢ L ⁡ ( 1 - η ) ⁢ V ⁢ t 2 / π ] / 4 ⁢ t 2 , wherein W 1 refers to the initial rotation speed of the brake disc to be cladded in preparation of the brake disc having the bottom layer, in unit of r/min; W 1 ′ refers to a real-time rotation speed during the preparation of the brake disc having the bottom layer, in unit of r/min; W 2 refers to the initial rotation speed of the brake disc having the bottom layer in preparation of the brake disc having the surface ultra-high-speed laser cladded wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant coating, in unit of r/min; W 2 ′ refers to a real-time rotation speed during the preparation of the brake disc having the surface ultra-high-speed laser cladded wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant coating, in unit of r/min; M 1 refers to the initial movement speed of the cladding head in the ultra-high-speed laser cladding of the bottom layer, in unit of m/min; M 1 ′ refers to the movement speed of the cladding head during the ultra-high-speed laser cladding of the bottom layer, in unit of m/min; M 2 refers to the initial movement speed of the cladding head in the ultra-high-speed laser cladding of the hard surface layer, in unit of m/min; M 2 ′ refers to the movement speed of the cladding head during the ultra-high-speed laser cladding of the hard surface layer, in unit of m/min; V refers to a linear speed, in unit of m/min; L refers to a laser spot diameter, in unit of m; η refers to an overlap rate, D 1 refers to an inner diameter of the brake disc, in unit of m; D 2 refers to an outer diameter of the brake disc, in unit of m; and t 1 and t 2 respectively refer to a cladding time of the ultra-high-speed laser cladding of the bottom layer or a cladding time of the ultra-high-speed laser cladding of the hard surface layer, in unit of min.
2 . The method for preparing the brake disc having the surface ultra-high-speed laser cladded wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant coating as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the pretreatment comprises: removing oil stains from a surface of the brake disc by using alcohol and/or acetone to obtain the brake disc to be cladded.
3 . The method for preparing the brake disc having the surface ultra-high-speed laser cladded wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant coating as claimed in claim 1 , wherein raw materials of the bottom layer prepared by the ultra-high-speed laser cladding of the bottom layer comprise 316L stainless steel.
4 . The method for preparing the brake disc having the surface ultra-high-speed laser cladded wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant coating as claimed in claim 1 , wherein raw materials of the hard surface layer prepared by the ultra-high-speed laser cladding of the hard surface layer comprise an iron-based alloy and hard particles.
5 . The method for preparing the brake disc having the surface ultra-high-speed laser cladded wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant coating as claimed in claim 4 , wherein the iron-based alloy, based on a total mass being 100%, comprises: less than 0.02 wt % of C, 16 wt %-18 wt % of Cr, 11 wt %-13 wt % of Ni, 2 wt %-3 wt % of Mo, 0.5 wt %-1 wt % of Si, 0.1 wt %-0.5 wt % of Mn, and Fe as a balance.
6 . The method for preparing the brake disc having the surface ultra-high-speed laser cladded wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant coating as claimed in claim 4 , wherein the hard particles comprise one or more selected from the group consisting of tungsten carbide, titanium carbide, chromium carbide, and silicon carbide.
7 . The method for preparing the brake disc having the surface ultra-high-speed laser cladded wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant coating as claimed in claim 4 , wherein at least one of conditions as follows is met: A. a particle size of the iron-based alloy and/or the hard particles is in a range of 15 μm to 53 μm; and B. a mass content of the hard particles in the hard surface layer is in a range of 20 wt % to 50 wt %.
8 . The method for preparing the brake disc having the surface ultra-high-speed laser cladded wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant coating as claimed in claim 1 , wherein at least one of conditions as follows is met: A. the linear speed is in a range of 100 m/min to 200 m/min; B. the laser spot diameter is in a range of 3 mm to 5 mm; C. the overlap rate is in a range of 70% to 90%; D. the ultra-high-speed laser cladding of the bottom layer and the ultra-high-speed laser cladding of the hard surface layer are conducted at a power of 6000 W to 12000 W; and E. a powder feed rate of the cladding head is in a range of 2 g/s to 5 g/s.
9 - 10 . (canceled)
11 . The method for preparing the brake disc having the surface ultra-high-speed laser cladded wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant coating as claimed in claim 2 , wherein at least one of conditions as follows is met: A. the linear speed is in a range of 100 m/min to 200 m/min; B. the laser spot diameter is in a range of 3 mm to 5 mm; C. the overlap rate is in a range of 70% to 90%; D. the ultra-high-speed laser cladding of the bottom layer and the ultra-high-speed laser cladding of the hard surface layer are conducted at a power of 6000 W to 12000 W; and E. a powder feed rate of the cladding head is in a range of 2 g/s to 5 g/s.
12 . The method for preparing the brake disc having the surface ultra-high-speed laser cladded wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant coating as claimed in claim 3 , wherein at least one of conditions as follows is met: A. the linear speed is in a range of 100 m/min to 200 m/min; B. the laser spot diameter is in a range of 3 mm to 5 mm; C. the overlap rate is in a range of 70% to 90%; D. the ultra-high-speed laser cladding of the bottom layer and the ultra-high-speed laser cladding of the hard surface layer are conducted at a power of 6000 W to 12000 W; and E. a powder feed rate of the cladding head is in a range of 2 g/s to 5 g/s.
13 . The method for preparing the brake disc having the surface ultra-high-speed laser cladded wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant coating as claimed in claim 4 , wherein at least one of conditions as follows is met: A. the linear speed is in a range of 100 m/min to 200 m/min; B. the laser spot diameter is in a range of 3 mm to 5 mm; C. the overlap rate is in a range of 70% to 90%; D. the ultra-high-speed laser cladding of the bottom layer and the ultra-high-speed laser cladding of the hard surface layer are conducted at a power of 6000 W to 12000 W; and E. a powder feed rate of the cladding head is in a range of 2 g/s to 5 g/s.
14 . The method for preparing the brake disc having the surface ultra-high-speed laser cladded wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant coating as claimed in claim 5 , wherein at least one of conditions as follows is met: A. the linear speed is in a range of 100 m/min to 200 m/min; B. the laser spot diameter is in a range of 3 mm to 5 mm; C. the overlap rate is in a range of 70% to 90%; D. the ultra-high-speed laser cladding of the bottom layer and the ultra-high-speed laser cladding of the hard surface layer are conducted at a power of 6000 W to 12000 W; and E. a powder feed rate of the cladding head is in a range of 2 g/s to 5 g/s.
15 . The method for preparing the brake disc having the surface ultra-high-speed laser cladded wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant coating as claimed in claim 6 , wherein at least one of conditions as follows is met: A. the linear speed is in a range of 100 m/min to 200 m/min; B. the laser spot diameter is in a range of 3 mm to 5 mm; C. the overlap rate is in a range of 70% to 90%; D. the ultra-high-speed laser cladding of the bottom layer and the ultra-high-speed laser cladding of the hard surface layer are conducted at a power of 6000 W to 12000 W; and E. a powder feed rate of the cladding head is in a range of 2 g/s to 5 g/s.
16 . The method for preparing the brake disc having the surface ultra-high-speed laser cladded wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant coating as claimed in claim 7 , wherein at least one of conditions as follows is met: A. the linear speed is in a range of 100 m/min to 200 m/min; B. the laser spot diameter is in a range of 3 mm to 5 mm; C. the overlap rate is in a range of 70% to 90%; D. the ultra-high-speed laser cladding of the bottom layer and the ultra-high-speed laser cladding of the hard surface layer are conducted at a power of 6000 W to 12000 W; and E. a powder feed rate of the cladding head is in a range of 2 g/s to 5 g/s.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present disclosure relates to the field of brake discs, and in particular to a rake disc having a surface ultra-high-speed laser cladded wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant coating and a preparation method thereof, and a vehicle. BACKGROUND The particle matter emission from a brake system of a vehicle exhibits a local effect and may cause great harm to humans. Unlike carbon dioxide emission which has a global impact on the atmosphere, particle matter emission generated by the friction between a brake pad and a brake disc during vehicle braking has a local effect, i.e. causing the greatest harm to people and environment near the emission source (for example, a crossroad and a busy road). Studies indicate that the intake of the particles may cause physical harm such as respiratory diseases and cancers, and increase the risk of having the Alzheimer's disease. The Euro 7 standard that is newly issued by the European Union regulates particle matter emission from braking systems for the first time. To comply with this stringent standard, the most fundamental solution is to enhance the wear resistance of brake discs, thereby reducing the particle emission caused by wear at the source. An ultra-high-speed laser cladding technique is to make powder meet a laser beam above a workpiece so as to be melted, so that the powder is then uniformly deposited on a surface of the workpiece, and solidifies to form a protective coating. The cladding rate can reach 20 m/min to 200 m/min. The coating has relatively high surface quality and usually can be applied only after simple grinding or polishing. The coating is metallurgically bound and has high performance stability. Compared with conventional surface protection techniques, the ultra-high-speed laser cladding technique has irreplaceable application advantages in terms of cost, efficiency and automation, and is particularly suitable for the preparation of a wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant coating on a brake disc. However, high-power laser reflection must be used during ultra-high-speed laser cladding, which may cause damage to a cladding head assembly; and the coating formed by ultra-high-speed laser cladding has the problems of non-uniformity, poor wear resistance, etc. SUMMARY An objective of the present disclosure is to provide a brake disc having a surface ultra-high-speed laser cladded wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant coating and a preparation method thereof, and a vehicle, so as to solve the above problems. To achieve the above objective, the first aspect of the present disclosure provides a method for preparing a brake disc having a surface ultra-high-speed laser cladded wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant coating, wherein the method includes: performing pretreatment on a brake disc to obtain a brake disc to be cladded;adjusting an angle of the brake disc to be cladded, such that an included angle ∠1 between a surface to be cladded and an axis of a cladding head and an included angle ∠2 between an edge of the cladding head and the axis of the cladding head satisfy: ∠⁢1+0.5⁢∠⁢2<90⁢°; and sequentially performing the ultra-high-speed laser cladding of a bottom layer and the ultra-high-speed laser cladding of a hard surface layer on the brake disc to be cladded to obtain the brake disc having the surface ultra-high-speed laser cladded wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant coating,wherein the ultra-high-speed laser cladding of the bottom layer includes: rotating the brake disc to be cladded, and performing the ultra-high-speed laser cladding of the bottom layer from inside to outside to obtain the brake disc having the bottom layer;the ultra-high-speed laser cladding of the hard surface layer includes: performing, from outside to inside, the ultra-high-speed laser cladding of the hard surface layer on the brake disc having the bottom layer to obtain the brake disc having the surface ultra-high-speed laser cladded wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant coating;∠1 remains unchanged during the ultra-high-speed laser cladding of the bottom layer and the ultra-high-speed laser cladding of the hard surface layer;in the ultra-high-speed laser cladding of the bottom layer, an initial rotation speed of the brake disc to be cladded meets: W1=V·D1-1/π;in the ultra-high-speed laser cladding of the bottom layer, an initial movement speed of the cladding head meets: M1=L⁡(1-η)⁢V·D1-1/π;during the ultra-high-speed laser cladding of the bottom layer, a rotation speed of the brake disc to be cladded is gradually decreased and meets: W1′=[-D1+D12+8⁢L⁡(1-η)⁢V⁢t1/π]/4⁢L⁡(1-η)⁢t1;during the ultra-high-speed laser cladding of the bottom layer, a movement speed of the cladding head is gradually decreased and meets: M1′=[-D1+D12+8⁢L⁡(1-η)⁢V⁢t1/π]/4⁢t1;in the ultra-high-speed laser cladding of the hard surface layer, an initial rotation speed of the brake disc having the bottom layer meets: W2=V·D2-1/π;in the ultra-high-speed laser cladding of the hard surfa