US-20260126326-A1 - BATTERY SYSTEM AND BATTERY POWER CONTROL METHOD BASED ON BATTERY TEMPERATURE SENSOR LAYOUT

Abstract

A battery system based on a battery temperature sensor layout in which a battery includes a plurality of cells and a cooling block disposed at an upper side of the cell includes: at least one first temperature sensor that is disposed adjacent to an explosion-proof valve of the at least one cell and is configured to sense a temperature of the cell; at least one second temperature sensor that is disposed at a lower portion of the at least one cell and is configured to sense a temperature of the cell; at least one third temperature sensor that is disposed at an upper portion of the at least one cell and is configured to sense a temperature of the cell; and a controller that is configured to receive temperatures sensed by the first temperature sensor, the second temperature sensor, and the third temperature sensor and to determine whether a thermal runaway fault, an over-temperature fault, or a low temperature fault of the battery occurs based on the temperatures sensed by the first temperature sensor, the second temperature sensor, and the third temperature sensor.

Inventors

• Zhenghui LI
• Wen Na SHI
• LING GUO
• Hongli FU

Assignees

• HYUNDAI MOTOR COMPANY
• KIA CORPORATION

Dates

Publication Date

20260507

Application Date

20251106

Priority Date

20241106

Claims (20)

1. 1 . A battery system based on a battery temperature sensor layout, wherein a battery includes a plurality of cells and a cooling block disposed at an upper side of the cell, comprising: at least one first temperature sensor that is disposed adjacent to an explosion-proof valve of the at least one cell and is configured to sense a temperature of the cell; at least one second temperature sensor that is disposed at a lower portion of the at least one cell and is configured to sense a temperature of the cell; at least one third temperature sensor that is disposed at an upper portion of the at least one cell and is configured to sense a temperature of the cell; and a controller that is configured to receive temperatures sensed by the first temperature sensor, the second temperature sensor, and the third temperature sensor and to determine whether a thermal runaway fault, an over-temperature fault, or a low temperature fault of the battery occurs based on the temperatures sensed by the first temperature sensor, the second temperature sensor, and the third temperature sensor.
2. 2 . The battery system of claim 1 , wherein the controller is configured to: determine a maximum temperature and a minimum temperature based on the temperatures sensed by the first temperature sensor, the second temperature sensor, and the third temperature sensor, and determine whether the thermal runaway fault, the over-temperature fault, or the low temperature fault of the battery occurs using the determined maximum and minimum temperatures.
3. 3 . The battery system of claim 2 , wherein the controller is further configured to: determine whether the maximum temperature exceeds a first predetermined temperature and maintains for a first predetermined time, and determine that the thermal runaway fault occurs based on the maximum temperature exceeding the first predetermined temperature and maintaining for the first predetermined time.
4. 4 . The battery system of claim 3 , wherein the controller is further configured to: determine whether the maximum temperature exceeds a second predetermined temperature and maintains for a second predetermined time and whether one-third or more of a total number of the first temperature sensor, the second temperature sensor, and the third temperature sensor are disconnected and disconnected states continue for the second predetermined time based on the maximum temperature not exceeding the first predetermined temperature or a state in which the maximum temperature exceeds the first predetermined temperature not maintaining for the first predetermined time, and determine that the thermal runaway fault occurs based on the maximum temperature exceeding the second predetermined temperature and maintaining for the second predetermined time and the one-third or more of the total number of the first temperature sensor, the second temperature sensor, and the third temperature sensor being disconnected and the disconnected states continuing for the second predetermined time, and wherein the second predetermined temperature is less than the first predetermined temperature.
5. 5 . The battery system of claim 4 , wherein the controller is further configured to: determine whether the maximum temperature exceeds the second predetermined temperature and whether the temperatures continuously rise within a third predetermined time so that a predetermined temperature difference between the temperatures occurs based on the maximum temperature not exceeding the second predetermined temperature, a state in which the maximum temperature exceeds the second predetermined temperature not continuing for the second predetermined time, the one-third or more of the total number of the first temperature sensor, the second temperature sensor, and the third temperature sensor not being disconnected, or a state in which the one-third or more of the total number of the first temperature sensor, the second temperature sensor, and the third temperature sensor are disconnected not continuing for the second predetermined time, and determine that the thermal runaway fault occurs based on the maximum temperature exceeding the second predetermined temperature and the temperature continuously rising within the third predetermined time so that the predetermined temperature difference between the temperatures occurs.
6. 6 . The battery system of claim 5 , wherein the controller is further configured to: determine whether the maximum temperature is less than a third predetermined temperature based on the maximum temperature not exceeding the second predetermined temperature, the temperature not continuously rising within the third predetermined time, or the predetermined temperature difference between the temperatures not occurring, and determine that the thermal runaway fault does not occur based on the maximum temperature being less than the third predetermined temperature, and wherein the third predetermined temperature is less than the second predetermined temperature.
7. 7 . The battery system of claim 6 , wherein the controller is further configured to: determine whether the maximum temperature exceeds the second predetermined temperature based on the maximum temperature exceeding the third predetermined temperature, determine again whether the maximum temperature continuously rises within the third predetermined time so that the predetermined temperature difference between the temperatures occurs after a fourth predetermined time based on the maximum temperature exceeding the second predetermined temperature, and determine that the thermal runaway fault does not occur based on the maximum temperature not exceeding the second predetermined temperature.
8. 8 . The battery system of claim 6 , wherein the controller is further configured to: determine whether the minimum temperature is less than a fourth predetermined temperature, and determine that the low temperature fault occurs based on the minimum temperature being less than the fourth predetermined temperature.
9. 9 . The battery system of claim 8 , wherein the controller is further configured to: determine whether the maximum temperature exceeds a fifth predetermined temperature based on the minimum temperature not being less than the fourth predetermined temperature, and determine that the over-temperature fault occurs based on the maximum temperature exceeding the fifth predetermined temperature, and wherein the fifth predetermined temperature is greater than the fourth predetermined temperature.
10. 10 . The battery system of claim 9 , wherein the controller is further configured to: determine whether the maximum temperature exceeds a sixth predetermined temperature based on the maximum temperature not exceeding the fifth predetermined temperature, and set charging power of the battery to 0 or determine maximum discharging power of the battery and set power of the battery to be less than or equal to the maximum discharging power based on the maximum temperature exceeding the sixth predetermined temperature, and wherein the sixth predetermined temperature is less than the fifth predetermined temperature.
11. 11 . A power control method of a battery that includes a plurality of cells and a cooling block disposed at an upper side of the cell, comprising: sensing temperatures of the cell using at least one first temperature sensor, at least one second temperature sensor, and at least one third temperature sensor; and determining whether a thermal runaway fault, an over-temperature fault, or a low temperature fault of the battery occurs using the temperatures sensed by the first temperature sensor, the second temperature sensor, and the third temperature sensor, wherein the at least one first temperature sensor is disposed adjacent to an explosion-proof valve of the at least one cell, the at least one second temperature sensor is disposed at a lower portion of the at least one cell, and the at least one third temperature sensor is disposed at an upper portion of the at least one cell.
12. 12 . The power control method of claim 11 , further comprising: determining a maximum temperature and a minimum temperature based on the temperatures sensed by the first temperature sensor, the second temperature sensor, and the third temperature sensor; and determining whether the thermal runaway fault, the over-temperature fault, or the low temperature fault of the battery occurs using the determined maximum and minimum temperatures.
13. 13 . The power control method of claim 12 , further comprising: determining whether the maximum temperature exceeds a first predetermined temperature and maintains for a first predetermined time; and determining that the thermal runaway fault occurs based on the maximum temperature exceeding the first predetermined temperature and maintaining for the first predetermined time.
14. 14 . The power control method of claim 13 , further comprising: determining whether the maximum temperature exceeds a second predetermined temperature and maintains for a second predetermined time and whether one-third or more of a total number of the first temperature sensor, the second temperature sensor, and the third temperature sensor are disconnected and disconnected states continue for the second predetermined time based on the maximum temperature not exceeding the first predetermined temperature or a state in which the maximum temperature exceeds the first predetermined temperature not maintaining for the first predetermined time; and determining that the thermal runaway fault occurs based on the maximum temperature exceeding the second predetermined temperature and maintaining for the second predetermined time and the one-third or more of the total number of the first temperature sensor, the second temperature sensor, and the third temperature sensor being disconnected and the disconnected states continuing for the second predetermined time, wherein the second predetermined temperature is less than the first predetermined temperature.
15. 15 . The power control method of claim 14 , further comprising: determining whether the maximum temperature exceeds the second predetermined temperature and whether the temperatures continuously rise within a third predetermined time so that a predetermined temperature difference between the temperatures occurs based on the maximum temperature not exceeding the second predetermined temperature, a state in which the maximum temperature exceeds the second predetermined temperature not continuing for the second predetermined time, the one-third or more of the total number of the first temperature sensor, the second temperature sensor, and the third temperature sensor not being disconnected, or a state in which the one-third or more of the total number of the first temperature sensor, the second temperature sensor, and the third temperature sensor are disconnected not continuing for the second predetermined time; and determining that the thermal runaway fault occurs based on the maximum temperature exceeding the second predetermined temperature and the temperature continuously rising within the third predetermined time so that the predetermined temperature difference between the temperatures occurs.
16. 16 . The power control method of claim 15 , further comprising: determining whether the maximum temperature is less than a third predetermined temperature based on the maximum temperature not exceeding the second predetermined temperature, the temperature not continuously rising within the third predetermined time, or the predetermined temperature difference between the temperatures not occurring; and determining that the thermal runaway fault does not occur based on the maximum temperature being less than the third predetermined temperature, wherein the third predetermined temperature is less than the second predetermined temperature.
17. 17 . The power control method of claim 16 , further comprising: determining whether the maximum temperature exceeds the second predetermined temperature based on the maximum temperature exceeding the third predetermined temperature; determining again whether the maximum temperature continuously rises within the third predetermined time so that the predetermined temperature difference between the temperatures occurs after a fourth predetermined time based on the maximum temperature exceeding the second predetermined temperature; and determining that the thermal runaway fault does not occur based on the maximum temperature not exceeding the second predetermined temperature.
18. 18 . The power control method of claim 16 , further comprising: determining whether the minimum temperature is less than a fourth predetermined temperature; and determining that the low temperature fault occurs based on the minimum temperature being less than the fourth predetermined temperature.
19. 19 . The power control method of claim 18 , further comprising: determining whether the maximum temperature exceeds a fifth predetermined temperature based on the minimum temperature not being less than the fourth predetermined temperature; and determining that the over-temperature fault occurs based on the maximum temperature exceeding the fifth predetermined temperature, wherein the fifth predetermined temperature is greater than the fourth predetermined temperature.
20. 20 . The power control method of claim 19 , further comprising: determining whether the maximum temperature exceeds a sixth predetermined temperature based on the maximum temperature not exceeding the fifth predetermined temperature; and setting charging power of the battery to 0 or determining maximum discharging power of the battery and setting power of the battery to be less than or equal to the maximum discharging power based on the maximum temperature exceeding the sixth predetermined temperature, wherein the sixth predetermined temperature is less than the fifth predetermined temperature.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application claims priority to and the benefit of Chinese Patent Application No. 202411577696.4 filed with the Chinese National Intellectual Property Administration on Nov. 6, 2024, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. FIELD The present disclosure relates to a battery system and a method for controlling battery power based on a battery temperature sensor layout. BACKGROUND Electric vehicle battery systems consist of numerous individual cells, and maintaining optimal temperature across these cells is essential for ensuring performance, safety, and longevity. Temperature fluctuations can lead to cell degradation, reduced efficiency, and even safety hazards such as thermal runaway. Conventional temperature monitoring approaches often involve placing sensors inside individual cells. While this provides accurate localized data, it is not scalable for large battery systems due to increased cost, complexity, and manufacturing challenges. Moreover, selectively placing sensors in only a few cells can result in inconsistent thermal data, making it difficult to assess the overall health of the battery system reliably. Therefore, there is a need for a more practical solution that enables consistent and comprehensive temperature monitoring across the battery system. SUMMARY An embodiment of the present disclosure may sense temperatures of different portions outside a cell by disposing temperature sensors at different portions outside the cell, and may control power of a battery by determining whether a fault of the battery occurs and a type of the fault according to the sensed temperatures. Therefore, a battery system and a battery power control method capable of improving life and safety of the battery are provided. According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a battery system based on a battery temperature sensor layout is provided. The battery system in which a battery includes a plurality of cells and a cooling block disposed at an upper side of the cell includes: at least one first temperature sensor that is disposed adjacent to an explosion-proof valve of the at least one cell and is configured to sense a temperature of the cell; at least one second temperature sensor that is disposed at a lower portion of the at least one cell and is configured to sense a temperature of the cell; at least one third temperature sensor that is disposed at an upper portion of the at least one cell and is configured to sense a temperature of the cell; and a controller that is configured to receive temperatures sensed by the first temperature sensor, the second temperature sensor, and the third temperature sensor and to determine whether a thermal runaway fault, an over-temperature fault, or a low temperature fault of the battery occurs based on the temperatures sensed by the first temperature sensor, the second temperature sensor, and the third temperature sensor. The controller may be configured to: determine a maximum temperature and a minimum temperature based on the temperatures sensed by the first temperature sensor, the second temperature sensor, and the third temperature sensor, and determine whether the thermal runaway fault, the over-temperature fault, or the low temperature fault of the battery occurs using the determined maximum and minimum temperatures. The controller may be further configured to: set charging power or discharging power of the battery to zero based on determining that the thermal runaway fault, the over-temperature fault, or the low temperature fault occurs in the battery, a charging voltage of the battery reaches a charging cutoff voltage, or a discharging voltage of the battery reaches a discharging cutoff voltage, and determine maximum charging power or maximum discharging power of the battery and make power of the battery less than or equal to the maximum charging power or the maximum discharging power based on determining that the thermal runaway fault not occurring, the over-temperature fault not occurring, the low temperature fault not occurring, the charging voltage of the battery not reaching the charging cutoff voltage, and the discharging voltage of the battery not reaching the discharging cutoff voltage. The controller may be further configured to: determine whether the maximum temperature exceeds a first predetermined temperature and maintains for a first predetermined time, and determine that the thermal runaway fault occurs based on the maximum temperature exceeding the first predetermined temperature and maintaining for the first predetermined time. The controller may be further configured to: determine whether the maximum temperature exceeds a second predetermined temperature and maintains for a second predetermined time and whether one-third or more of a total number of the first temperature sensor, the second temperature sensor, and the third temperature sensor are disconnected and discon