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US-20260127474-A1 - DETECTORS, OPTICAL SWITCHES, AND WAVEGUIDES

US20260127474A1US 20260127474 A1US20260127474 A1US 20260127474A1US-20260127474-A1

Abstract

A quantum computing system, method and computer readable medium involve a vacuum enclosure for sustaining a vacuum below 10 −3 millibar, an optical resonator tuned to a resonance of an atom, and a trapping laser for maintaining the atom within a mode of the optical resonator. An atom excitation laser induces emissions of photons, at least one of a plurality of waveguides couples the photons to or from the optical resonator, and a detector associated with at least one of the plurality of waveguides detects at least some of the emitted photons. A processor controls optical switches for switching between two or more of the plurality of waveguides.

Inventors

  • Gil Semo
  • Ziv AQUA
  • Oded Melamed
  • Dan Charash
  • Serge ROSENBLUM
  • Barak Dayan

Assignees

  • QUANTUM SOURCE LABS LTD.
  • YEDA RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CO. LTD.

Dates

Publication Date
20260507
Application Date
20241122

Claims (20)

  1. 1 - 60 . (canceled)
  2. 61 . A quantum computing system, comprising: a vacuum enclosure configured to sustain a vacuum below 10 −3 millibar; at least one optical resonator tuned to a resonance of an atom; at least one trapping laser for maintaining the atom within a mode of the at least one optical resonator; an atom excitation laser for inducing emissions of photons; a plurality of waveguides, wherein at least one of the plurality of waveguides is configured to couple the photons to or from the at least one optical resonator; at least one detector associated with at least one of the plurality of waveguides and configured to detect at least some of the emitted photons; a plurality of optical switches for switching between at least two of the plurality of waveguides; and at least one processor configured to: control the plurality of optical switches to thereby select at least one of the plurality of waveguides for carrying at least one photon.
  3. 62 . The system of claim 61 , wherein the at least one processor is configured to control the plurality of optical switches to selectively associate between at least two of the plurality of waveguides coupled to an atom-coupled optical resonator.
  4. 63 . (canceled)
  5. 64 . The system of claim 61 , wherein the at least one optical resonator is implemented with a Photonic Integrated Circuit (PIC).
  6. 65 . The system of claim 61 , wherein the plurality of waveguides is implemented with Silicon Nitride (SIN).
  7. 66 . The system of claim 61 , wherein the plurality of waveguides includes a free space or an optical fiber.
  8. 67 . (canceled)
  9. 68 . The system of claim 61 , wherein the atom includes a rubidium atom or a cesium atom.
  10. 69 . (canceled)
  11. 70 . The system of claim 61 , wherein the plurality of optical switches is controlled to switch between the at least two of the plurality of waveguides at a time resolution of less than 1 microsecond.
  12. 71 . The system of claim 61 , wherein at least one of the plurality of waveguides includes at least one photonic delay line configured to synchronize between photonic processing stages, the at least one photonic delay line located downstream of the at least one optical resonator.
  13. 72 . The system of claim 71 , wherein the at least one processor is configured to control at least one of the plurality of optical switches to selectively associate between at least one of the plurality of waveguides coupled to an atom-coupled optical resonator and the at least one photonic delay line, thereby controlling passage of at least one photon through the at least one photonic delay line.
  14. 73 . A quantum computing method, comprising sustaining a vacuum below 10 −3 millibar; tuning at least one optical resonator to a resonance of an atom; maintaining the atom within a mode of the at least one optical resonator using at least one trapping laser; inducing emissions of photons using an atom excitation laser; detecting at least some of the emitted photons using at least one detector associated with at least one of a plurality of waveguides; and controlling a plurality of optical switches to thereby select at least one of the plurality of waveguides for carrying at least one photon.
  15. 74 . The method of claim 73 , wherein the controlling a plurality of optical switches includes controlling to selectively associate between at least two waveguides coupled to an atom-coupled optical resonator.
  16. 75 . (canceled)
  17. 76 . The method of claim 73 , wherein the atom includes a rubidium atom or a cesium atom.
  18. 77 . The method of claim 73 , wherein the controlling of the plurality of optical switches includes controlling to switch between at least two of the plurality of waveguides at a time resolution of less than 1 microsecond.
  19. 78 . The method of claim 73 , further comprising synchronizing between photonic processing stages using at least one photonic delay line located downstream of the at least one optical resonator.
  20. 79 . The method of claim 78 , wherein the controlling a plurality of optical switches include controlling to selectively associate between at least one of the plurality of waveguides coupled to an atom-coupled optical resonator and the at least one photonic delay line, thereby controlling passage of at least one photon through the at least one photonic delay line.

Description

RELATED APPLICATIONS The application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 18/300,644, filed Apr. 14, 2023, which is a continuation of Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) Application No. PCT/IB2023/052601, filed Mar. 16, 2023, which is based upon and claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 63/320,454, filed Mar. 16, 2022, and Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) Application No. PCT/IB2022/000564, filed Apr. 27, 2022. The entire contents of all applications are incorporated herein by reference. FIELD The present disclosure relates generally to quantum computing using cavity quantum electrodynamics (Cavity QED), and related apparatuses, systems, computer readable media, and methods. Some embodiments involve the generation of photonic qubits and generating entanglement therebetween. BACKGROUND Building commercially useful quantum computers (QC) can be challenging for many reasons, for example due to scalability issues which arise from increasing complexity, noise and crosstalk as more qubits are added. Also, quantum computation algorithms can exploit entangled states, and some quantum computation architectures may use a source of entangled states (also referred to as a Resource State Generator) for obtaining those entangled states. The present disclosure relates to a mechanism for use in or with such a source of entangled states. Currently, quantum computing remains restricted to the proof-of-concept stage, with a relatively small number of qubits sufficient only to demonstrate that quantum computing is feasible in principle. To make quantum computing practical for handling real-world problems, current devices need to be scaled up to handle large numbers of qubits, over 106, including qubits for error correction. Qubits for quantum computing are often hosted in one of three physical platforms (or regimes): superconductors (superconducting states), atoms (e.g. ionic states), and photons (photonic states). The photonic platform offers a number of significant practical advantages over the other platforms. Photons are relatively easy to generate and do not require cryogenic or ultra-high vacuum environments, and construction of micro-miniaturized, reliable photonic devices and their communication infrastructure is accomplished utilizing readily available fabrication technologies. Thus, the photonic platform is currently a leading candidate for achieving the high-level scaling necessary for practical quantum computing devices. The full potential of the photonic platform, however, is not presently realized, in large part because generating entangled photonic states for use as an entanglement resource in photonic quantum computing is currently highly inefficient. Conventional arrangements rely on nonlinear effects in crystals to generate single photons. In order to produce photonic graph states, these photons are entangled in a probabilistic manner using linear optics elements. For this purpose, generated photons should be indistinguishable, generated according to perfectly timed and identically shaped pulses. Unfortunately, this requirement comes at the expense of the generation efficiency. Furthermore, in order to end up with a photonic graph state of a certain number of qubits, the probabilistic entangling process would require a much larger number of initial single photons, and hence a larger number of elements. These points of inefficiency are cumulative and seriously restrict efforts to scale the photonic platform to meaningful numbers of qubits. It is therefore highly desirable to have apparatuses and methods for generating a plurality of entangled photonic qubits or photonic graph states which reduce or eliminate probabilistic processes and their inherent inefficiencies, and which instead deterministically generate photonic graph states at maximal efficiency, or at an improved efficiency, for use as qubits. This goal is met, or facilitated, by embodiments of the present disclosure. SUMMARY A source of entangled states for use in a quantum computation architecture can use a matter-based or a light-based mechanism. Matter-based quantum computation mechanisms, e.g., those using trapped ions, superconducting qubits, or quantum dots, are sometimes considered more efficient for achieving entangled states than light-based ones. Light-based quantum computation mechanisms, e.g., silicon photonics, are considered to be more scalable and modular. So light-based mechanisms may be useful in addressing the above scalability problem. Using the embodiments consistent with the present disclosure, a source of entangled states for use with quantum computation using a high number of qubits may be possible, for example with a photonic quantum computation. Such architectures may also offer a scalable architecture which can be manufactured in a standard silicon fabrication lab. A cavity quantum electrodynamics (Cavity QED) based mechanism for use in the embodiments consistent with the present disclosure can exploit both