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US-20260128591-A1 - LAYERED CONTROL SYSTEM FOR MANAGEMENT OF A DISTRIBUTED ENERGY STORAGE, DES, SYSTEM

US20260128591A1US 20260128591 A1US20260128591 A1US 20260128591A1US-20260128591-A1

Abstract

A layered control system for managing a distributed energy storage, DES, system, wherein the DES system comprises a plurality of nodes ( 121 - 125 ), each node comprising one or more battery units. The layered control system comprises a first control layer ( 301 ), a second control layer ( 302 ) and a third control layer ( 303 ). The first control layer ( 301 ) is configured to determine in advance an operating plan for the DES system for a plurality of time slots of a first time period based on aggregated properties of the DES system, wherein the operating plan comprises allocation of aggregated capacity of the DES system for the plurality of time slots; and to convey the operating plan to the second control layer. The second control layer ( 302 ) is configured to determine rules for selecting nodes of the DES system for obtaining the allocated aggregated capacity; to monitor operation of the DES system in real time and responsively state adjust the rules; and to convey the rules to the third control layer. The third control layer ( 303 ) is configured to execute selection and activation of individual nodes of the DES system in accordance with the rules.

Inventors

  • Jukka-Pekka Salmenkaita
  • Hannu KOKKO
  • Simon HOLMBACKA

Assignees

  • ELISA OYJ

Dates

Publication Date
20260507
Application Date
20231205
Priority Date
20230307

Claims (20)

  1. 1 . A layered control system for managing a distributed energy storage, DES, system, wherein the DES system comprises a plurality of nodes, each node comprising one or more battery units; wherein the layered control system comprises a first control layer, a second control layer and a third control layer, wherein the first control layer is implemented in a cloud computing environment, and the second control layer and the third control layer are implemented in a runtime system in a local server; wherein the first control layer is configured to determine in advance an operating plan for the DES system for a plurality of time slots of a first time period based on aggregated properties of the DES system, wherein the operating plan comprises allocation of aggregated capacity of the DES system for the plurality of time slots, and convey the operating plan to the second control layer; the second control layer is configured to determine rules for selecting nodes of the DES system for obtaining the allocated aggregated capacity of the operating plan; monitor operation of the DES system in real time and responsively adjust the rules; and convey the rules to the third control layer; and the third control layer is configured to execute selection and activation of individual nodes of the DES system in accordance with the rules.
  2. 2 . The layered control system of claim 1 , further comprising a third interface between the first control layer and the second control layer for conveying the operating plan to the second control layer.
  3. 3 . The layered control system of claim 1 , further comprising a fourth interface between the second control layer and the third control layer for conveying the rules to the third control layer.
  4. 4 . The layered control system of claim 1 , further comprising a first interface between the third control layer and the nodes of the DES system for interacting with the nodes of the DES system.
  5. 5 . The layered control system of claim 1 , wherein the first control layer is configured to convey the operating plan to the second control layer together with information about expected state of the DES system.
  6. 6 . The layered control system of claim 1 , wherein the first control layer is configured to optimize the operating plan in view of a predefined operating objective, history of available aggregated capacity of the DES system, and information relating to reserve market of electric grids.
  7. 7 . The layered control system of claim 1 , wherein the operating plan determined by the first control layer is used for bidding energy capacity in a reserve market of electric grids.
  8. 8 . The layered control system of claim 1 , wherein the rules determined by the second control layer prioritize nodes of the DES system in view of operating conditions of the nodes, wherein the operating conditions comprise one or more of: state of charge of battery units of the nodes, state of health of battery units of the nodes, temperature, local energy consumption, local energy production.
  9. 9 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the second control layer is further configured to compare real time operation of the DES system to the operating plan and responsive to detecting that execution of the operating plan is at risk, to adjust the operating plan.
  10. 10 . The layered control system of claim 1 , wherein the rules determined by the second control layer concern individual nodes or groups of nodes.
  11. 11 . The layered control system of claim 1 , wherein the third control layer executes the selection and activation of individual nodes of the DES system responsive to an activation need of a reserve market of electric grids until the activation need is fulfilled.
  12. 12 . The layered control system of claim 1 , wherein the third control layer is implemented in execution threads.
  13. 13 . A computer implemented method comprising using a layered control system for managing a distributed energy storage, DES, system, wherein the DES system comprises a plurality of nodes each node comprising one or more battery units; wherein the layered control system comprises a first control layer, a second control layer and a third control layer wherein the first control layer is implemented in a cloud computing environment, and the second control layer and the third control layer are implemented in a runtime system in a local server; the method comprising: performing in the first control layer determining in advance an operating plan for the DES system for a plurality of time slots of a first time period based on aggregated properties of the DES system, wherein the operating plan comprises allocation of aggregated capacity of the DES system for the plurality of time slots, and conveying the operating plan to the second control layer; performing in the second control layer determining rules for selecting nodes of the DES arrangement for obtaining the allocated aggregated capacity; monitoring operation of the DES arrangement in real time and responsively adjusting the rules; and conveying the rules to the third control layer; performing in the third control layer executing selection and activation of individual nodes of the DES arrangement in accordance with the rules.
  14. 14 . A computer program comprising computer executable program code for causing an apparatus to perform the method of claim 13 .
  15. 15 . The layered control system of claim 2 , further comprising a fourth interface between the second control layer and the third control layer for conveying the rules to the third control layer.
  16. 16 . The layered control system of claim 2 , further comprising a first interface between the third control layer and the nodes of the DES system for interacting with the nodes of the DES system.
  17. 17 . The layered control system of claim 3 , further comprising a first interface between the third control layer and the nodes of the DES system for interacting with the nodes of the DES system.
  18. 18 . The layered control system of claim 2 , wherein the first control layer is configured to convey the operating plan to the second control layer together with information about expected state of the DES system.
  19. 19 . The layered control system of claim 3 , wherein the first control layer is configured to convey the operating plan to the second control layer together with information about expected state of the DES system.
  20. 20 . The layered control system of claim 4 , wherein the first control layer is configured to convey the operating plan to the second control layer together with information about expected state of the DES system.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present disclosure generally relates to management of distributed energy storage, DES, systems. BACKGROUND This section illustrates useful background information without admission of any technique described herein representative of the state of the art. A distributed energy storage (DES) system is a pool of spatially distributed nodes controlled by a centralized control system. The nodes may be distributed over a vast geographical area. The nodes can be powered either by the electric grid or by a battery unit connected to the node. The battery units may be resources maintained for example for emergency energy backup purposes, such as backup batteries of a wireless communication network. Additionally or alternatively, the battery units may be resources owned by households or small and medium sized companies or other smaller scale operators. The battery units of a DES system can be used for forming a virtual power plant (VPP) comprising a plurality of spatially distributed nodes. In this way a larger capacity may be built by pooling together smaller scale resources. As backup batteries are not constantly used, the battery units of the nodes of the DES can be used for further optimization purposes e.g. through the VPP. Such VPPs may participate in balancing of electric grid or in intraday trading market. Transmission system operators (TSO) offer reserve markets where reserve providers, such as VPP, can offer energy capacity for grid balancing purposes. Now, there are provided some new considerations concerning management of distributed energy storage systems for the purpose of enabling participation in balancing of electric grid. SUMMARY The appended claims define the scope of protection. Any examples and technical descriptions of apparatuses, products and/or methods in the description and/or drawings not covered by the claims are presented not as embodiments of the invention but as background art or examples useful for understanding the invention. According to a first example aspect there is provided a layered control system for managing a distributed energy storage, DES, system. The DES system comprises a plurality of nodes, each node comprising one or more battery units. The layered control system comprises a first control layer, a second control layer and a third control layer; wherein the first control layer is configured to determine in advance an operating plan for the DES system for a plurality of time slots of a first time period based on aggregated properties of the DES system, wherein the operating plan comprises allocation of aggregated capacity of the DES system for the plurality of time slots, andconvey the operating plan to the second control layer; the second control layer is configured to determine rules for selecting nodes of the DES system for obtaining the allocated aggregated capacity of the operating plan;monitor operation of the DES system in real time and responsively adjust the rules; andconvey the rules to the third control layer; and the third control layer is configured to execute selection and activation of individual nodes of the DES system in accordance with the rules. In some example embodiments, the layered control system further comprises a third interface between the first control layer and the second control layer for conveying the operating plan to the second control layer. In some example embodiments, the layered control system further comprises a fourth interface between the second control layer and the third control layer for conveying the rules to the third control layer. In some example embodiments, the layered control system further comprises a first interface between the third control layer and the nodes of the DES system for interacting with the nodes of the DES system. In some example embodiments, the first control layer is configured to convey the operating plan to the second control layer together with information about expected state of the DES system. In some example embodiments, the first control layer is configured to optimize the operating plan in view of a predefined operating objective, history of available aggregated capacity of the DES system, and information relating to reserve market of electric grids. In some example embodiments, the operating plan determined by the first control layer is used for bidding energy capacity in a reserve market of electric grids. In some example embodiments, the rules determined by the second control layer prioritize nodes of the DES system in view of operating conditions of the nodes, wherein the operating conditions comprise one or more of: state of charge of battery units of the nodes, state of health of battery units of the nodes, temperature, local energy consumption, local energy production. In some example embodiments, the second control layer is further configured to compare real time operation of the DES system to the operating plan and responsive to det