US-20260128870-A1 - SYSTEM FOR TRANSMITTING AN ENCRYPTED MESSAGE VIA QUANTUM CHANNEL AND RELATED METHOD

Abstract

A system for transmitting an encrypted message via a quantum channel and a related method is described which uses a quantum key sharing algorithm designed to enable proper (secure and fast) communication between a transmitting station (not shown) and a receiving station (not shown).

Inventors

• Massimo Bertaccini

Assignees

• Massimo Bertaccini

Dates

Publication Date

20260507

Application Date

20241120

Priority Date

20231129

Claims (10)

1. 1 . A system for transmitting an encrypted message via a quantum channel allowing communication between a transmitting station and a receiving station, comprising: a transmitting quantum key KT of a certain number of transmitted bits (information/message M), a transmitting computer CT designed to encode the message M (bit sequence) using said transmitting quantum key KT, a photon laser L governed by said transmitting computer CT using a counter (not shown), a transmitting polarization filter FT (of the photons from the photon laser L) oriented and regulated by said transmitting computer CT, designed to uniquely polarize the photons from said photon laser L based on the choice of said transmitting quantum key KT (for a specific bit), a receiving quantum key KR of a certain number of received bits (information/message M), a receiving computer CR designed to decode said message M (bit sequence) using said receiving quantum key KR (for a specific bit) and a receiving polarization filter FR (of the photons from the photon laser L received with an appropriate orientation); wherein: the polarization of the filter is assigned by said polarization filter (FT or FR) connected to a photon detector (not shown), with a specific filter base (B1 or B2) having different orientations, and wherein: each of said filter bases (B1 or B2) can be associated (in an analogous and reversible/interchangeable manner) with a specific bit of said shared quantum key (KT or KR) corresponding to a bit of said message M polarized (0 or 1), determining its orientation.
2. 2 . The system for transmitting an encrypted message via a quantum channel according to claim 1 , wherein said filter base B1 has a vertical and/or horizontal type orientation.
3. 3 . The system for transmitting an encrypted message via a quantum channel according to claim 2 , wherein said filter base B1 has an orientation type: B1={I↑>, I→>}.
4. 4 . The system for transmitting an encrypted message via a quantum channel according to claim 1 , wherein said filter base B2 has a vertical and/or horizontal type orientation.
5. 5 . The system for transmitting an encrypted message via a quantum channel according to claim 4 , wherein said filter base B2 has an orientation type: B2={I↑>, I→>}.
6. 6 . The system for transmitting an encrypted message via a quantum channel according to claim 1 , wherein said filter base B1 has a diagonal (West/East) orientation.
7. 7 . The system for transmitting an encrypted message via a quantum channel according to claim 6 , wherein said filter base B1 has an orientation type: B1={I , I }.
8. 8 . The system for transmitting an encrypted message via a quantum channel according to claim 1 , wherein said filter base B2 has a diagonal (West/East) orientation.
9. 9 . The system for transmitting an encrypted message via a quantum channel according to claim 8 , wherein said filter base B2 has an orientation type: B2={I , I }.
10. 10 . A method for transmitting an encrypted message via a quantum channel, comprising the following steps: providing the system for transmitting an encrypted message via a quantum channel according to claim 1 , encoding said message M using said transmitting quantum key KT, polarizing said photons from said photon laser L using said transmitting polarization filter FT corresponding to a specific filter base (B1 or B2) with one or more orientations (reversible/interchangeable), polarizing said photons from said photon laser L using said receiving polarization filter FR corresponding to one of said orientations, decoding said message M using said receiving quantum key KR.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION This application claims the benefit of and priority to Italian (IT) Patent Application No. 102023000025482 filed Nov. 29, 2023, the contents of which being incorporated by reference in their entirety herein. TECHNICAL FIELD The present disclosure relates to a data encryption system and a method for communicating the same. In particular, the present disclosure relates to a quantum cryptographic technique for data and a method for encrypting a message using an algorithm designed to be immune to dangerous channel attacks. BACKGROUND Encryption plays a fundamental role in the communication of digital data to ensure an adequate level of communication security by meeting certain requirements, including the confidentiality and privacy of exchanged digital data. These methods allow a transmitter and a receiver to mutually communicate confidential or secret data through a public and unsecured communication channel accessible to unauthorized users, such as the internet, a telephone network, or other similar channels. The purpose of these methods is to transmit an unknown input, consisting of a plaintext message that remains concealed during communication, through an output suitable for transmission via a public channel. Indeed, using these methods, the transmitter performs the encoding phase, in which it transforms a known input by encrypting it into the output using an encryption key. Similarly, the receiver performs the decoding phase, decrypting the output to obtain the unknown input using a decryption key. For this reason, when the encryption and decryption keys are identical, the encryption method is called symmetric. Regarding symmetric encryption/decryption methods, while they are generally the fastest, they have limitations concerning the length of the message that can be encrypted/decrypted. Indeed, two parties using a symmetric encryption method must exchange a key at least once through a private and/or secure communication channel and can then communicate confidentially via a public channel. Asymmetric methods, on the other hand, allow for the encryption/decryption of messages of any length but require substantial processing time and computational resources. One of the traditional encryption methods is the Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA) method, as cited in prior documents: U.S. Pat. No. 5,146,500A, EP924895A2, and U.S. Pat. No. 6,081,597A. Other encryption methods are based on chaos theory, utilizing nonlinear equations characterized in that there are no explicit formulas for calculating their solutions; numerical methods exist to compute the solutions of such equations in a finite number of steps. Numerically, only approximate solutions can be obtained. For example, a chaotic communication method is described in the article: Inoue E. Ushio T., Chaos communication using unknown input observer, Electronic and Communication in Japan, Part 3, 84, 12 (2001). The above-mentioned known technique presents several significant drawbacks, including: the outputs from the dynamic system are decimal numbers that are not necessarily finite,it is not possible to correctly and completely process decimals with an infinite number of digits after the decimal point,there is significant uncertainty in accurately reconstructing the plaintext message, as said approximation, such as truncation, introduces an error between the initially inserted input string and the reconstructed input string. Therefore, if such a method were used for data encryption, discrepancies would arise between the transmitted unknown input and the reconstructed unknown input, resulting in incorrect communication. This error becomes particularly significant when the unknown input has a reduced length. Another disadvantage is that the presence of undefined decimals in the system's output necessitates an additional approximation phase to a finite decimal number. The state of the art also includes the BB84 method and other similar quantum key exchange methods, as reported in prior documents: U.S. Pat. No. 7,536,012B1, WO2005060139A2, CN109617687B, US2019305942A1. Such methods can cause several problems, such as inflexible conditions and solutions, inefficiency, and unreliability, as they only allow key exchange and not the transmission of encrypted messages, creating a particular need to address security-related problems, including: following the transmission and exchange of the cryptographic key over the quantum channel, the message (plaintext) must be transmitted via the classical transmission channel,it is not versatile, secure, and/or complete to implement because it requires multiple communication channels (quantum and classical), and the classical channel is not completely secure,the identification of the sender is not possible because the classical channel will use a symmetric algorithm (AES, Vernam, etc.). BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURE FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram for a quantum cryptographic technique for data and