US-20260129044-A1 - Quantum Entanglement Communication Service

US20260129044A1US 20260129044 A1US20260129044 A1US 20260129044A1US-20260129044-A1

Abstract

A quantum entanglement communication service can be provided by detecting a request to access data stored at a first computer. In response to detecting the data access request, a request can be generated to request that a server computer generate an entangled particle pair. Measurement data can be received, the measurement data corresponding to a measurement observed after interacting a first bit of a token stored at a second computer with a first entangled particle from the entangled particle pair. An operation to perform on a second entangled particle of the entangled particle pair at the first computer can be determined and performed. A state of the second entangled particle can be measured to obtain a value, and a bit string can be generated, where the bit string can include a number that corresponds to the value.

Inventors

William Trost
Luis Albisu

Assignees

AT&T INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY I, L.P.

Dates

Publication Date: 20260507
Application Date: 20241104

Claims (20)

1 . A system comprising: a first computer comprising a processor; and a memory that stores computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform operations comprising receiving, at the first computer and from a transmitting device that is in communication with a receiving device, a request for an entangled particle pair, wherein the first computer comprises an entangled particle pair generator, and wherein the transmitting device generates the request in response to receiving a data access request from the receiving device, determining, by the first computer, a number of bits that are included in a token to be used by the transmitting device and the receiving device, wherein each of the transmitting device and the receiving device stores the token, and wherein the token comprises a first bit string comprising a first bit, generating a first entangled particle pair for the first bit, sending a first entangled particle from the first entangled particle pair to the transmitting device, and sending a second entangled particle from the first entangled particle pair to the receiving device, wherein the receiving device sends, to the transmitting device, measurement data that corresponds to a measurement observed at the receiving device after interacting the first bit with the second entangled particle from the first entangled particle pair, and wherein the transmitting device determines an operation to perform on the second entangled particle of the first entangled particle pair, performs the operation on the second entangled particle, measures a state of the first entangled particle, the state comprising a value, generates a second bit string comprising a number that corresponds to the value, and sends the second bit string to an authentication service to authenticate the receiving device.
2 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the measurement comprises a value of 00, and the operation on the second entangled particle comprises measuring the state of the second entangled particle.
3 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the measurement comprises a value of 01, and the operation on the second entangled particle comprises performing an X gate operation on the second entangled particle.
4 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the measurement comprises a value of 10, and the operation on the second entangled particle comprises performing an Z gate operation on the second entangled particle.
5 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the measurement comprises a value of 11, and the operation on the second entangled particle comprises performing an X gate operation and a Z gate operation on the second entangled particle.
6 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the request specifies endpoints of a communication link over which the data is to be transmitted, and wherein the endpoints comprise the transmitting device and the receiving device.
7 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the computer-executable instructions, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform operations further comprising determining if the token comprises another bit, and in response to determining that the token comprises the other bit: receiving another instance of measurement data, wherein the other instance of measurement data comprises another measurement observed after interacting a second bit of the token with a third entangled particle from another entangled particle pair; obtaining a fourth entangled particle; determining another operation to perform on the fourth entangled particle based on the other value; performing the operation on the fourth entangled particle; measuring a state of the fourth entangled particle, the state comprising another value; and adding another number that corresponds to the other value to the second bit string.
8 . A method comprising: receiving, at a first computer comprising a processor and from a transmitting device that is in communication with a receiving device, a request for an entangled particle pair, wherein the first computer comprises an entangled particle pair generator, and wherein the transmitting device generates the request in response to receiving a data access request from the receiving device; determining, by the first computer, a number of bits that are included in a token to be used by the transmitting device and the receiving device, wherein each of the transmitting device and the receiving device stores the token, and wherein the token comprises a first bit string comprising a first bit; generating, by the first computer, a first entangled particle pair for the first bit; sending, by the first computer, a first entangled particle from the first entangled particle pair to the transmitting device; and sending, the first computer, a second entangled particle from the first entangled particle pair to the receiving device, wherein the receiving device sends, to the transmitting device, measurement data that corresponds to a measurement observed at the receiving device after interacting the first bit with the second entangled particle from the first entangled particle pair, and wherein the transmitting device determines an operation to perform on the second entangled particle of the first entangled particle pair, performs the operation on the second entangled particle, measures a state of the first entangled particle, the state comprising a value, generates a second bit string comprising a number that corresponds to the value, and sends the second bit string to an authentication service to authenticate the receiving device.
9 . The method of claim 8 , wherein the measurement comprises a value of 00, and the operation on the second entangled particle comprises measuring the state of the second entangled particle.
10 . The method of claim 8 , wherein the measurement comprises a value of 01, and the operation on the second entangled particle comprises performing an X gate operation on the second entangled particle.
11 . The method of claim 8 , wherein the measurement comprises a value of 10, and the operation on the second entangled particle comprises performing an Z gate operation on the second entangled particle.
12 . The method of claim 8 , wherein the measurement comprises a value of 11, and the operation on the second entangled particle comprises performing an X gate operation and a Z gate operation on the second entangled particle.
13 . The method of claim 8 , wherein the request specifies the number of bits in the token, and wherein the request for generation of the entangled particle pair comprises a request to generate the number of entangled particle pairs.
14 . The method of claim 8 , wherein the request specifies endpoints of a communication link over which the data is to be transmitted, wherein the endpoints comprise the transmitting device and the receiving device.
15 . The method of claim 8 , further comprising determining, by the processor, if the token comprises another bit, and in response to determining that the token comprises the other bit: receiving another instance of measurement data, wherein the other instance of measurement data comprises another measurement observed after interacting a second bit of the token with a third entangled particle from another entangled particle pair; obtaining a fourth entangled particle; determining another operation to perform on the fourth entangled particle based on the other value; performing the operation on the fourth entangled particle; measuring a state of the fourth entangled particle, the state comprising another value; and adding another number that corresponds to the other value to the second bit string.
16 . A computer storage medium having computer-executable instructions stored thereon that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform operations comprising: receiving, at a first computer and from a transmitting device that is in communication with a receiving device, a request for an entangled particle pair, wherein the first computer comprises an entangled particle pair generator, and wherein the transmitting device generates the request in response to receiving a data access request from the receiving device; determining, by the first computer, a number of bits that are included in a token to be used by the transmitting device and the receiving device, wherein each of the transmitting device and the receiving device stores the token, and wherein the token comprises a first bit string comprising a first bit; generating a first entangled particle pair for the first bit; sending a first entangled particle from the first entangled particle pair to the transmitting device; and sending a second entangled particle from the first entangled particle pair to the receiving device, wherein the receiving device sends, to the transmitting device, measurement data that corresponds to a measurement observed at the receiving device after interacting the first bit with the second entangled particle from the first entangled particle pair, and wherein the transmitting device determines an operation to perform on the second entangled particle of the first entangled particle pair, performs the operation on the second entangled particle, measures a state of the first entangled particle, the state comprising a value, generates a second bit string comprising a number that corresponds to the value, and sends the second bit string to an authentication service to authenticate the receiving device.
17 . The computer storage medium of claim 16 , wherein the request specifies endpoints of a communication link over which the data is to be transmitted, and wherein the endpoints comprise the transmitting device and the receiving device.
18 . The computer storage medium of claim 16 , wherein the request specifies the number of bits in the token, and wherein the request for generation of the entangled particle pair comprises a request to generate the number of entangled particle pairs.
19 . The computer storage medium of claim 16 , wherein the request specifies endpoints of a communication link over which the data is to be transmitted, wherein the endpoints comprise the transmitting device and the receiving device.
20 . The computer storage medium of claim 16 , wherein the computer-executable instructions, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform operations further comprising determining if the token comprises another bit, and in response to determining that the token comprises the other bit: receiving another instance of measurement data, wherein the other instance of measurement data comprises another measurement observed after interacting a second bit of the token with a third entangled particle from another entangled particle pair; obtaining a fourth entangled particle; determining another operation to perform on the fourth entangled particle based on the other value; performing the operation on the fourth entangled particle; measuring a state of the fourth entangled particle, the state comprising another value; and adding another number that corresponds to the other value to the second bit string.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application is a continuation of and claims priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 18/117,507, entitled “Quantum Entanglement Communication Service,” filed Mar. 6, 2023, now allowed, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety, and which is a continuation of and claims priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/953,395, entitled “Quantum Entanglement Communication Service,” filed Nov. 20, 2020, now U.S. Pat. No. 11,606,356, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. BACKGROUND In some communications networks, sensitive and ultra-sensitive data can be stored for use by various devices and/or users. Malicious actors may be able to observe communications in and/or through some communications networks to intercept such sensitive and/or ultra-sensitive data and/or to gain access to such data. Even some multi-factor authentication technologies cannot stop certain attackers with access to a communication link and/or a computer involved in a trusted communication channel. Thus, some malicious actors may observe communications of sensitive and ultra-sensitive data and/or may access such data without being properly authenticated. SUMMARY The present disclosure is directed to a quantum entanglement communication service. A first device (e.g., a receiving device) can request data from a second device (e.g., a transmitting device). In some embodiments, for example, the receiving device can send a data access request to the transmitting device. The data access request can be used to request data that can be stored at the transmitting device. The data, however, may be sensitive data and the transmitting device may require authentication to receive the data. According to embodiments of the concepts and technologies disclosed herein, the receiving device can store a token having a number of bits. The transmitting device may know the number of bits included in the token, in some embodiments. In some other embodiments, the data access request may specify the number of bits in the token. The transmitting device can generate a request. The request can request that a server computer (e.g., via execution of a quantum entanglement communication service) generate an entangled particle pair for each bit of the token. The request also can specify endpoints for a communication session or link in or over which the data can be shared. The server computer can generate the requested entangled particle pairs that can include entangled particles. According to various embodiments of the concepts and technologies disclosed herein, the phrase “entangled particles” as used, illustrated, and/or described herein, can be used to refer to photons in an Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (“EPR”) entangled state, Bell state particles, or the like. The server computer can provide, to the transmitting device, one particle from each entangled particle pair. The server computer also can provide, to the receiving device, the other entangled particles from each entangled particle pair. The transmitting device and the receiving device can store the entangled particles in order, if more than one entangled particle is received. In response to receiving the entangled particles, the receiving device can begin the authentication using quantum entanglement as illustrated and described herein. The receiving device can select a first bit of the token and a first entangled particle. The receiving device can interact the first bit of the token with the first entangled particle, e.g., via a controlled NOT (“CNOT”) gate, followed by putting the token bit into a superposition state via a Hadamard gate, and measure the system. The receiving device can generate measurement data, e.g., by measuring the token bit and the entangled particle, where the measurement data can capture the observed or measured state of the system, which can be one value of 00, 01, 10, or 11. The receiving device can send the measurement data to the transmitting device. The transmitting device can select a first entangled particle and determine an operation to perform on the first entangled particle based on the measurement data. Namely, if the measurement data indicates that the measurement 00 was observed (e.g., measured) at the receiving device, the transmitting device may take no action on its corresponding entangled particle. If the measurement data indicates that the measurement 01 was observed (e.g., measured) at the receiving device, the transmitting device may perform an X gate operation on its corresponding entangled particle. If the measurement data indicates that the measurement 10 was observed (e.g., measured) at the receiving device, the transmitting device may perform a Z gate operation on its corresponding entangled particle. If the measurement data indicates that the measurement 11 was observed (e.g., measured) at the receiving device, the transmitting device may perform an X gate operation and a Z gate oper