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US-20260130108-A1 - LIGHT-EMITTING DEVICE INCLUDING CONDENSED CYCLIC COMPOUND, ELECTRONIC APPARATUS AND ELECTRONIC DEVICE EACH INCLUDING THE LIGHT-EMITTING DEVICE, AND THE CONDENSED CYCLIC COMPOUND

US20260130108A1US 20260130108 A1US20260130108 A1US 20260130108A1US-20260130108-A1

Abstract

A light-emitting device including a condensed cyclic compound represented by Formula 1, an electronic apparatus including the light-emitting device, an electronic device including the light-emitting device, and the condensed cyclic compound are provided.

Inventors

  • Gyeongheon Kim
  • Junyoung Lee
  • Hoilim KIM

Assignees

  • SAMSUNG DISPLAY CO., LTD.

Dates

Publication Date
20260507
Application Date
20251107
Priority Date
20241107

Claims (20)

  1. 1 . A light-emitting device comprising: a first electrode; a second electrode opposite to the first electrode; and an interlayer between the first electrode and the second electrode and comprising an emission layer, wherein the interlayer comprises a condensed cyclic compound represented by Formula 1: and wherein, in Formula 1, R 1 to R 8 are each independently hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a C 1 -C 60 alkyl group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a , a C 2 -C 60 alkenyl group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a , a C 2 -C 60 alkynyl group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a , a C 1 -C 60 alkoxy group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a , a C 1 -C 60 alkylthio group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a , a C 3 -C 60 carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a , a C 1 -C 60 heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a , a C 6 -C 60 aryloxy group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a , a C 6 -C 60 arylthio group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a , —Si(Q 1 )(Q 2 )(Q 3 ), —Ge(Q 1 )(Q 2 )(Q 3 ), —N(Q 1 )(Q 2 ), —B(Q 1 )(Q 2 ), —C(═O)(Q 1 ), —S(═O) 2 (Q 1 ), or —P(═O)(Q 1 )(Q 2 ), at least one selected from among R 1 to R 8 comprises an electron-withdrawing group, indicates a single bond or a double bond, R 10a is: deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, or a nitro group; a C 1 -C 60 alkyl group, a C 2 -C 60 alkenyl group, a C 2 -C 60 alkynyl group, or a C 1 -C 60 alkoxy group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C 3 -C 60 carbocyclic group, a C 1 -C 60 heterocyclic group, a C 6 -C 60 aryloxy group, a C 6 -C 60 arylthio group, —Si(Q 11 )(Q 12 )(Q 13 ), —N(Q 11 )(Q 12 ), —B(Q 11 )(Q 12 ), —C(═O)(Q 11 ), —S(═O) 2 (Q 11 ), —P(═O)(Q 11 )(Q 12 ), or a combination thereof; a C 3 -C 60 carbocyclic group, a C 1 -C 60 heterocyclic group, a C 6 -C 60 aryloxy group, or a C 6 -C 60 arylthio group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C 1 -C 60 alkyl group, a C 2 -C 60 alkenyl group, a C 2 -C 60 alkynyl group, a C 1 -C 60 alkoxy group, a C 3 -C 60 carbocyclic group, a C 1 -C 60 heterocyclic group, a C 6 -C 60 aryloxy group, a C 6 -C 60 arylthio group, —Si(Q 21 )(Q 22 )(Q 23 ), —N(Q 21 )(Q 22 ), —B(Q 21 )(Q 22 ), —C(═O)(Q 21 ), —S(═O) 2 (Q 21 ), —P(═O)(Q 21 )(Q 22 ), or a combination thereof; or —Si(Q 31 )(Q 32 )(Q 33 ), —N(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), —B(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), —C(═O)(Q 31 ), —S(═O) 2 (Q 31 ), or —P(═O)(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), and Q 1 to Q 3 , Q 11 to Q 13 , Q 21 to Q 23 , and Q 31 to Q 33 are each independently: hydrogen; deuterium; —F; —Cl; —Br; —I; a hydroxyl group; a cyano group; or a nitro group; or a C 1 -C 60 alkyl group, a C 2 -C 60 alkenyl group, a C 2 -C 60 alkynyl group, a C 1 -C 60 alkoxy group, a C 1 -C 60 alkylthio group, a C 3 -C 60 carbocyclic group, a C 1 -C 60 heterocyclic group, a C 6 -C 60 aryloxy group, a C 6 -C 60 arylthio group, a C 7 -C 60 aryl alkyl group, or a C 2 -C 60 heteroaryl alkyl group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, a cyano group, a C 1 -C 60 alkyl group, a C 1 -C 60 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a triazinyl group, or a combination thereof.
  2. 2 . The light-emitting device of claim 1 , wherein the first electrode is an anode, the second electrode is a cathode, the interlayer further comprises a hole transport region between the first electrode and the emission layer and an electron transport region between the emission layer and the second electrode, the hole transport region comprises a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an emission auxiliary layer, an electron-blocking layer, or a combination thereof, and the electron transport region further comprises a hole-blocking layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, or a combination thereof.
  3. 3 . The light-emitting device of claim 2 , wherein the hole transport region comprises the condensed cyclic compound represented by Formula 1.
  4. 4 . The light-emitting device of claim 2 , wherein the hole transport region comprises a hole injection layer, and the hole injection layer comprises the condensed cyclic compound represented by Formula 1.
  5. 5 . The light-emitting device of claim 4 , wherein the hole injection layer further comprises a hole transport material, and the hole transport material is different from the condensed ring compound represented by Formula 1.
  6. 6 . The light-emitting device of claim 5 , wherein the hole transport material comprises a compound represented by Formula 201, a compound represented by Formula 202, or a combination thereof: and wherein, in Formulae 201 and 202, L 201 to L 204 are each independently a C 3 -C 60 carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a or a C 1 -C 60 heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a , L 205 is *—O—*′, *—S—*′, *—N(Q 201 )-*′, a C 1 -C 20 alkylene group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a , a C 2 -C 20 alkenylene group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a , a C 3 -C 60 carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a , or a C 1 -C 60 heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a , xa1 to xa4 are each independently an integer from 0 to 5, xa5 is an integer from 1 to 10, 1 R 201 to R 204 and Q 201 are each independently a C 3 -C 60 carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a or a C 1 -C 60 heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a , R 201 and R 202 are optionally bonded to each other via a single bond, a C 1 -C 5 alkylene group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a , or a C 2 -C 5 alkenylene group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a , to form a C 8 -C 60 polycyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a , R 203 and R 204 are optionally linked to each other via a single bond, a C 1 -C 5 alkylene group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a , or a C 2 -C 5 alkenylene group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a , to form a C 8 -C 60 polycyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a , na1 is an integer from 1 to 4, and R 10a is the same as described in Formula 1.
  7. 7 . The light-emitting device of claim 6 , wherein Formula 201 and Formula 202 each independently comprise at least one selected from among groups represented by Formulae CY201 to CY217: in Formulae CY201 to CY217, R 10b and R 10c being each independently the same as described with respect to R 10a in Formula 1, ring CY 201 to ring CY 204 being each independently a C 3 -C 20 carbocyclic group or a C 1 -C 20 heterocyclic group, at least one hydrogen of Formulae CY201 to CY217 being unsubstituted or substituted with R 10a , and R 10a being the same as described in Formula 1.
  8. 8 . The light-emitting device of claim 5 , wherein a weight ratio of the condensed cyclic compound represented by Formula 1 to the hole transport material in the hole injection layer is 2:98 to 10:90.
  9. 9 . An electronic apparatus comprising the light-emitting device of claim 1 .
  10. 10 . The electronic apparatus of claim 9 , further comprising a thin-film transistor, wherein the thin-film transistor comprises a source electrode and a drain electrode, and the first electrode of the light-emitting device is electrically connected to the source electrode or the drain electrode of the thin-film transistor.
  11. 11 . The electronic apparatus of claim 9 , further comprising a color filter, a color conversion layer, a touch screen layer, a polarizing layer, or a combination thereof.
  12. 12 . An electronic device comprising a light-emitting device, wherein: the light-emitting device comprises: a first electrode; a second electrode opposite to the first electrode; and an interlayer between the first electrode and the second electrode and comprising an emission layer, wherein the interlayer comprises a condensed cyclic compound represented by Formula 1: and wherein, in Formula 1, R 1 to R 8 are each independently hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a C 1 -C 60 alkyl group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a , a C 2 -C 60 alkenyl group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a , a C 2 -C 60 alkynyl group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a , a C 1 -C 60 alkoxy group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a , a C 1 -C 60 alkylthio group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a , a C 3 -C 60 carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a , a C 1 -C 60 heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a , a C 6 -C 60 aryloxy group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a , a C 6 -C 60 arylthio group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a , —Si(Q 1 )(Q 2 )(Q 3 ), —Ge(Q 1 )(Q 2 )(Q 3 ), —N(Q 1 )(Q 2 ), —B(Q 1 )(Q 2 ), —C(═O)(Q 1 ), —S(═O) 2 (Q 1 ), or —P(═O)(Q 1 )(Q 2 ), at least one selected from among R 1 to R 8 comprises an electron-withdrawing group, indicates a single bond or a double bond, R 10a is: deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, or a nitro group; a C 1 -C 60 alkyl group, a C 2 -C 60 alkenyl group, a C 2 -C 60 alkynyl group, or a C 1 -C 60 alkoxy group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C 3 -C 60 carbocyclic group, a C 1 -C 60 heterocyclic group, a C 6 -C 60 aryloxy group, a C 6 -C 60 arylthio group, —Si(Q 11 )(Q 12 )(Q 13 ), —N(Q 11 )(Q 12 ), —B(Q 11 )(Q 12 ), —C(═O)(Q 11 ), —S(═O) 2 (Q 11 ), —P(═O)(Q 11 )(Q 12 ), or a combination thereof; a C 3 -C 60 carbocyclic group, a C 1 -C 60 heterocyclic group, a C 6 -C 60 aryloxy group, or a C 6 -C 60 arylthio group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C 1 -C 60 alkyl group, a C 2 -C 60 alkenyl group, a C 2 -C 60 alkynyl group, a C 1 -C 60 alkoxy group, a C 3 -C 60 carbocyclic group, a C 1 -C 60 heterocyclic group, a C 6 -C 60 aryloxy group, a C 6 -C 60 arylthio group, —Si(Q 21 )(Q 22 )(Q 23 ), —N(Q 21 )(Q 22 ), —B(Q 21 )(Q 22 ), —C(═O)(Q 21 ), —S(═O) 2 (Q 21 ), —P(═O)(Q 21 )(Q 22 ), or a combination thereof; or —Si(Q 31 )(Q 32 )(Q 33 ), —N(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), —B(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), —C(═O)(Q 31 ), —S(═O) 2 (Q 31 ), or —P(═O)(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), and Q 1 to Q 3 , Q 11 to Q 13 , Q 21 to Q 23 , and Q 31 to Q 33 are each independently: hydrogen; deuterium; —F; —Cl; —Br; —I; a hydroxyl group; a cyano group; or a nitro group; or a C 1 -C 60 alkyl group, a C 2 -C 60 alkenyl group, a C 2 -C 60 alkynyl group, a C 1 -C 60 alkoxy group, a C 1 -C 60 alkylthio group, a C 3 -C 60 carbocyclic group, a C 1 -C 60 heterocyclic group, a C 6 -C 60 aryloxy group, a C 6 -C 60 arylthio group, a C 7 -C 60 aryl alkyl group, or a C 2 -C 60 heteroaryl alkyl group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, a cyano group, a C 1 -C 60 alkyl group, a C 1 -C 60 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a triazinyl group, or a combination thereof.
  13. 13 . The electronic device of claim 12 , wherein: the electronic device is at least one of a flat panel display, a curved display, a computer monitor, a medical monitor, a television, a billboard, an indoor light, an outdoor light, a signal light, a head-up display, a fully transparent display, a partially transparent display, a flexible display, a rollable display, a foldable display, a stretchable display, a laser printer, a telephone, a portable phone, a tablet personal computer, a phablet, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a wearable device, a laptop computer, a digital camera, a camcorder, a viewfinder, a micro display, a three-dimensional (3D) display, a virtual reality display, an augmented reality display, a vehicle, a video wall with multiple displays tiled together, a theater screen, a stadium screen, a phototherapy device, or a signboard.
  14. 14 . A condensed cyclic compound represented by Formula 1: wherein, in Formula 1, R 1 to R 8 are each independently hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a C 1 -C 60 alkyl group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a , a C 2 -C 60 alkenyl group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a , a C 2 -C 60 alkynyl group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a , a C 1 -C 60 alkoxy group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a , a C 1 -C 60 alkylthio group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a , a C 3 -C 60 carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a , a C 1 -C 60 heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a , a C 6 -C 60 aryloxy group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a , a C 6 -C 60 arylthio group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a , —Si(Q 1 )(Q 2 )(Q 3 ), —Ge(Q 1 )(Q 2 )(Q 3 ), —N(Q 1 )(Q 2 ), —B(Q 1 )(Q 2 ), —C(═O)(Q 1 ), —S(═O) 2 (Q 1 ), or —P(═O)(Q 1 )(Q 2 ), at least one selected from among R 1 to R 8 comprises an electron-withdrawing group, the electron-withdrawing group excluding a C 1 -C 60 alkoxy group and a C 1 -C 60 alkylthio group, indicates a single bond or a double bond, R 10a is: deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, or a nitro group, a C 1 -C 60 alkyl group, a C 2 -C 60 alkenyl group, a C 2 -C 60 alkynyl group, a C 1 -C 60 alkoxy group, or a C 1 -C 60 alkylthio group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C 3 -C 60 carbocyclic group, a C 1 -C 60 heterocyclic group, a C 6 -C 60 aryloxy group, a C 6 -C 60 arylthio group, —Si(Q 11 )(Q 12 )(Q 13 ), —N(Q 11 )(Q 12 ), —B(Q 11 )(Q 12 ), —C(═O)(Q 1 ), —S(═O) 2 (Q 11 ), —P(═O)(Q 11 )(Q 12 ), or a combination thereof; a C 3 -C 60 carbocyclic group, a C 1 -C 60 heterocyclic group, a C 6 -C 60 aryloxy group, or a C 6 -C 60 arylthio group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C 1 -C 60 alkyl group, a C 2 -C 60 alkenyl group, a C 2 -C 60 alkynyl group, a C 1 -C 60 alkoxy group, a C 1 -C 60 alkylthio group, a C 3 -C 60 carbocyclic group, a C 1 -C 60 heterocyclic group, a C 6 -C 60 aryloxy group, a C 6 -C 60 arylthio group, —Si(Q 21 )(Q 22 )(Q 23 ), —N(Q 21 )(Q 22 ), —B(Q 21 )(Q 22 ), —C(═O)(Q 21 ), —S(═O) 2 (Q 21 ), —P(═O)(Q 21 )(Q 22 ), or a combination thereof; or —Si(Q 31 )(Q 32 )(Q 33 ), —N(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), —B(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), —C(═O)(Q 31 ), —S(═O) 2 (Q 31 ), or —P(═O)(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), and Q 1 to Q 3 , Q 11 to Q 13 , Q 21 to Q 23 , and Q 31 to Q 33 are each independently: hydrogen; deuterium; —F; —Cl; —Br; —I; a hydroxyl group; a cyano group; or a nitro group; or a C 1 -C 60 alkyl group, a C 2 -C 60 alkenyl group, a C 2 -C 60 alkynyl group, a C 1 -C 60 alkoxy group, a C 1 -C 60 alkylthio group, a C 3 -C 60 carbocyclic group, a C 1 -C 60 heterocyclic group, a C 6 -C 60 aryloxy group, a C 6 -C 60 arylthio group, a C 7 -C 60 aryl alkyl group, or a C 2 -C 60 heteroaryl alkyl group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, a cyano group, a C 1 -C 60 alkyl group, a C 1 -C 60 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a triazinyl group, or a combination thereof.
  15. 15 . The condensed cyclic compound of claim 14 , wherein at least one selected from among R 1 to R 8 comprises a cyano group.
  16. 16 . The condensed cyclic compound of claim 15 , wherein a ratio of the number of cyano groups to a molecular weight of the condensed cyclic compound is 0.01 or more.
  17. 17 . The condensed cyclic compound of claim 14 , wherein at least one selected from among R 1 to R 8 is a cyano group, a group represented by Formula 2-1, or a group represented by Formula 2-2, and wherein, in Formulae 2-1 and 2-2, R 11 to R 13 are each independently hydrogen, deuterium, a cyano group, a C 1 -C 10 alkyl group, a C 2 -C 10 alkenyl group, a C 2 -C 10 alkynyl group, a C 6 -C 20 aryl group, or a C 6 -C 20 heteroaryl group, * indicates a binding site to a neighboring atom, at least one of R 11 or R 12 in Formula 2-1 comprises a cyano group, and at least one selected from among R 11 to R 13 in Formula 2-2 comprises a cyano group.
  18. 18 . The condensed cyclic compound of claim 14 , wherein the number of electron-withdrawing groups in the condensed cyclic compound is 4 or more.
  19. 19 . The condensed cyclic compound of claim 14 , wherein the number of cyano groups in the condensed cyclic compound is 4 or more.
  20. 20 . The condensed cyclic compound of claim 14 , wherein the condensed cyclic compound is any one selected from among compounds 1 to 22:

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION The present application claims priority to and the benefit of Korean Patent Application No. 10-2024-0156882, filed on Nov. 7, 2024, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. BACKGROUND 1. Field One or more embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a light-emitting device including a condensed cyclic compound, an electronic apparatus and an electronic device, each including the light-emitting device, and the condensed cyclic compound. 2. Description of the Related Art Organic light-emitting devices are self-emissive devices that, compared to other light-emitting devices of the comparable art, have relatively wide viewing angles, high contrast ratios, short response times, and excellent or suitable characteristics in terms of luminance, driving voltage, and response speed, and produce full-color images. An organic light-emitting device may have a structure in which a first electrode is arranged on a substrate, followed sequentially by a hole transport region, an emission layer, an electron transport region, and a second electrode. Holes provided from the first electrode move toward the emission layer through the hole transport region, while electrons provided from the second electrode move toward the emission layer through the electron transport region. These carriers, namely the holes and electrons, recombine in the emission layer to produce excitons. When the excitons transition and decay from an excited state to a ground state, light is emitted. SUMMARY One or more aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure are directed toward a light-emitting device including a condensed cyclic compound, an electronic apparatus and an electronic device, each including the light-emitting device, and the condensed cyclic compound. Additional aspects will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be apparent from the description, or may be learned by practice of the presented embodiments of the disclosure. According to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, a light-emitting device includes: a first electrode;a second electrode opposite to (e.g., facing) the first electrode; andan interlayer located between the first electrode and the second electrode and including an emission layer, whereinthe interlayer includes a condensed cyclic compound represented by Formula 1: wherein, in Formula 1,R1 to R8 may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a C1-C60 alkyl group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, a C2-C60 alkenyl group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, a C2-C60 alkynyl group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, a C1-C60 alkoxy group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, a C1-C60 alkylthio group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, a C3-C60 carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, a C1-C60 heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, a C6-C60 aryloxy group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, a C6-C60 arylthio group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, —Si(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), —Ge(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), —N(Q1)(Q2), —B(Q1)(Q2), —C(═O)(Q1), —S(═O)2(Q1), or —P(═O)(Q1)(Q2),at least one selected from among R1 to R8 may include an electron-withdrawing group, indicates a single bond or a double bond,R10a may be:deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, or a nitro group;a C1-C60 alkyl group, a C2-C60 alkenyl group, a C2-C60 alkynyl group, or a C1-C60 alkoxy group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C3-C60 carbocyclic group, a C1-C60 heterocyclic group, a C6-C60 aryloxy group, a C6-C60 arylthio group, —Si(Q11)(Q12)(Q13), —N(Q11)(Q12), —B(Q11)(Q12), —C(═O)(Q11), —S(═O)2(Q11), —P(═O)(Q11)(Q12), or a (e.g., any suitable) combination thereof,a C3-C60 carbocyclic group, a C1-C60 heterocyclic group, a C6-C60 aryloxy group, or a C6-C60 arylthio group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C1-C60 alkyl group, a C2-C60 alkenyl group, a C2-C60 alkynyl group, a C1-C60 alkoxy group, a C3-C60 carbocyclic group, a C1-C60 heterocyclic group, a C6-C60 aryloxy group, a C6-C60 arylthio group, —Si(Q21)(Q22)(Q23), —N(Q21)(Q22), —B(Q21)(Q22), —C(═O)(Q21), —S(═O)2(Q21), —P(═O)(Q21)(Q22), or a (e.g., any suitable) combination thereof, or—Si(Q31)(Q32)(Q33), —N(Q31)(Q32), —B(Q31)(Q32), —C(═O)(Q31), —S(═O)2(Q31), or —P(═O)(Q31)(Q32), andQ1 to Q3, Q11 to Q13, Q21 to Q23 and Q31 to Q33 may each independently be: hydrogen; deuterium; —F; —Cl; —Br; —I; a hydroxyl group; a cyano group; or a nitro group; or a C1-C60 alkyl group, a C2-C60 alkenyl group,