WO-2026091301-A1 - ENERGY ROUTER AND POWER SUPPLY BRANCH SWITCHING METHOD THEREFOR

WO2026091301A1WO 2026091301 A1WO2026091301 A1WO 2026091301A1WO-2026091301-A1

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic energy storage, and particularly relates to an energy router and a power supply branch switching method therefor. The energy router comprises: a green energy input port, which is configured to connect to a green energy power supply system, so as to form a green energy branch; a mains supply input port, which is configured to connect to a power grid power supply system, so as to form a power grid branch; load output ports, which are configured to connect to load circuits of customers, so as to form a load branch, the load branch being powered by means of the green energy branch and/or the power grid branch; and a microcontroller unit (MCU), which is used for performing switching between different power supply branches. The power supply branch switching method can realize uninterrupted switching between a green energy branch and a power grid branch. The present invention can better meet switching requirements in two states of switching from a power grid branch to a green energy branch and switching from the green energy branch to the power grid branch.

Inventors

QINJUN, Hua

Assignees

上海韦岚新能源科技有限责任公司
苏州蔚蓝致远科技有限公司

Dates

Publication Date: 20260507
Application Date: 20250103
Priority Date: 20241031

Claims (13)

An energy router, comprising: The green energy input port is used to connect to the green energy power supply system to form a green energy branch, and is connected to the load output port through the first relay group; The mains input port is used to connect to the power grid system to form a power grid branch, and is connected to the load output port through the second relay group; A load output port is used to connect to the user's load circuit to form a load branch, which is powered by a green energy branch and/or a grid branch; wherein the green energy branch and the grid branch are two different power supply branches; and The microcontroller (MCU) is used to control the on/off state of the first and second relay groups. When switching between different power supply branches, the MCU generates corresponding action commands based on the received switching commands to control the on/off state of the first and second relay groups. The action instructions include, The microcontroller (MCU) generates a first instruction when it detects that the input voltages at the mains input port and the green energy input port have the same phase sequence and phase. This first instruction is used to control the first or second relay group at the corresponding power supply branch to switch to the on/off state; and The microcontroller (MCU) generates a second instruction when it detects that the corresponding power supply branch to be switched to has entered the power supply state. The second instruction is used to control the second relay group or the first relay group at the corresponding power supply branch to be cut off to switch to the open circuit state. The first relay group has multiple first relays corresponding to each phase input, and the second relay group has multiple second relays corresponding to each phase input. The microcontroller (MCU) is used to enable the multiple first relays and the multiple second relays to perform on/off actions at the zero-crossing point based on zero-crossing detection.
An energy router according to claim 1, characterized in that: a corresponding phase voltage sampling circuit is provided at both the green energy input port and the mains input port, the corresponding phase voltage sampling circuit is used to collect the phase voltage of each phase input at the green energy input port and the mains input port; the microcontroller MCU judges whether the input voltages of the mains input port and the green energy input port have the same phase sequence and phase based on the phase voltage data collected by the phase voltage sampling circuit.
An energy router according to claim 1, characterized in that: the plurality of first relays and the plurality of second relays are all controlled to be on or off based on independent relay control circuits.
According to claim 3, an energy router is characterized in that: a zero-crossing detection circuit is provided at both the green energy input port and the mains power input port, and the zero-crossing detection circuit is used to detect the zero-crossing point of each phase input at the green energy input port and the mains power input port.
An energy router according to claim 4, characterized in that: the zero-crossing detection circuit includes, A phase voltage sampling circuit based on the first operational amplifier U1A samples and outputs data based on a first reference voltage value, the voltage of a single-phase live wire, and the voltage of the neutral wire. The sampling output of the phase voltage sampling circuit is the sum of a set multiple of the difference between the voltage of the single-phase live wire and the voltage of the neutral wire and the first reference voltage value; and The zero-crossing detection circuit is built based on the second operational amplifier U2A. The zero-crossing detection circuit is used to compare the sampling output of the phase voltage sampling circuit with the second reference voltage value and output a zero-crossing signal.
According to claim 4, an energy router is characterized in that: a corresponding phase voltage sampling circuit is also provided at the load output port, and the corresponding phase voltage sampling circuit is used to realize the acquisition of the phase voltage of each phase input at the load output port. The microcontroller (MCU) is used to issue self-test commands to obtain the closing and closing action times of each first relay and each second relay. The MCU is also used to issue action commands based on the voltage cycle of the corresponding phase input, the corresponding closing action time, and the corresponding closing action time delay.
According to claim 1, an energy router is characterized in that: the first relay group is connected between the green energy input port and the load output port using normally open contacts, and the relay drive circuit of the first relay group is powered by the green energy power supply system.
According to claim 1, an energy router is characterized in that: the second relay group is connected between the mains input port and the load output port using normally closed contacts.
An energy router according to claim 1, characterized in that: when the microcontroller MCU detects an abnormality at the load output port, it generates a third instruction, which can be used to keep both the first relay group and the second relay group in an open circuit state.
A power supply branch switching method for the energy router according to any one of claims 1-9, comprising: Based on the self-test command issued by the microcontroller MCU, the multiple first relays and the multiple second relays are controlled to perform self-test actions; Based on the self-test actions of each first relay and each second relay, the action time of each first relay and each second relay is obtained, including the closing action time and the closing action time. Based on the phase voltage sampling circuit at the green energy input port and the mains input port, the phase sequence and phase of the voltage input at the green energy input port are detected; When the microcontroller (MCU) detects that the input voltages of the mains input port and the green energy input port have the same phase sequence and phase and receives a switching command, it issues a corresponding action command based on the voltage cycle of each phase and the corresponding action time of the first or second relay.
The power supply branch switching method according to claim 10 is characterized in that: each first relay and each second relay are controlled by a microcontroller (MCU) to perform self-test actions multiple times, and the average time of performing the corresponding actions is used as the action time of the corresponding actions.
The power supply branch switching method according to claim 10 is characterized in that: both the green energy input port and the mains power input port are equipped with zero-crossing detection circuits, and the microcontroller (MCU) executes the action command based on the following steps. After receiving the switching command, the microcontroller (MCU) uses a zero-crossing detection circuit to detect the zero-crossing point of each phase of the green energy input port and the mains power input port. After detecting the zero-crossing point of the corresponding phase, the microcontroller (MCU) obtains the voltage cycle of the input phase. The microcontroller (MCU) determines the sending time of the action command based on the voltage cycle of the phase input and the operating time of the corresponding first or second relay, and sends the action command when the sending time arrives.
The power supply branch switching method according to claim 12 is characterized in that: the phase voltage sampling circuit based on the green energy input port and the mains input port detects the phase sequence and phase of the voltage input at the green energy input port, including, Based on the phase voltage sampling circuit and zero-crossing detection circuit at the green energy input port and the mains input port, N sampled voltages Vi of each phase output at the green energy input port and the mains input port between two adjacent zero-crossing points of the full cycle are obtained; The microcontroller (MCU) obtains the root mean square voltage ( Vrms) of each phase based on the N sampled voltages Vi . It compares the Vrms of each phase at the same input port. When the difference between the Vrms of any phase at the same input port and the Vrms of the other phases exceeds a first set threshold, it determines that there is a phase loss at that input port. When there is no phase loss at the green energy input port and the mains input port, the d-axis component and rotation phase angle of the green energy input port and the mains input port are obtained based on the software phase-locked loop; The microcontroller (MCU) determines whether the phase sequence of the green energy input port and the mains input port is consistent based on the sign of the d-axis component of the green energy input port and the mains input port. Specifically, if the d-axis components of the green energy input port and the mains input port have the same sign, the phase sequence of the green energy input port and the mains input port is consistent, and otherwise they are inconsistent. The microcontroller (MCU) determines whether the difference in the rotation phase angle between the green energy input port and the mains input port exceeds a second set threshold. If it does not exceed the threshold, the phases of the green energy input port and the mains input port are consistent; otherwise, they are inconsistent.

Description

An energy router and its power supply branch switching method Technical Field This invention relates to the field of photovoltaic energy storage technology, and more specifically, to an energy router and its power supply branch switching method. Background Technology As global carbon dioxide emissions continue to rise, the promotion and use of new energy sources are becoming increasingly widespread. Currently, solutions for residential energy storage include traditional residential energy storage systems and plug-and-play small-scale photovoltaic-storage systems. Residential energy storage systems are mainly used in single-family homes with roofs, and their components typically include photovoltaic modules, inverters, and energy storage batteries. Small-scale photovoltaic-storage systems are mainly used on balconies, utilizing the balcony space to install photovoltaic panels. Current large-scale photovoltaic (PV) and energy storage systems typically include inverters, photovoltaic panels, energy storage batteries, and a system cloud platform. Photovoltaic panels are devices that convert sunlight into electrical energy, also known as solar panels. Inverters generally consist of an inverter bridge, control logic, and filter circuits, and are used to convert direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC). Energy storage batteries can store and release DC energy. The system cloud platform can receive various data and issue relevant commands. In a PV-energy storage system, the electrical energy converted by the photovoltaic panels can be supplied to the grid bus or main power supply circuit via the inverter, or stored in the energy storage batteries. Conversely, the electrical energy in the energy storage batteries can also be supplied to the grid bus or main power supply circuit via the inverter. The photovoltaic panels are directly connected to the inverter, and the power flow is unidirectional, converting solar energy into DC power. The inverter converts the direct current (DC) from the photovoltaic panels into the required electrical parameters via DC/DC and/or DC/AC circuits. It also manages the charging and discharging of the energy storage battery using the DC/DC circuit. Furthermore, the inverter's operational data can be uploaded to the system cloud platform, and the inverter can execute commands issued by the cloud platform. The energy storage battery can store electrical energy when the converted energy is sufficient and release it to supply power when the converted energy is insufficient. The system cloud platform primarily collects the entire system's operational data through the inverter, converting this data into graphical or understandable numerical representations, and can also issue commands to the inverter. Traditional solutions all have limitations to varying degrees. For example, residential energy storage systems are highly dependent on rooftop resources and cannot be installed and distributed to each household in scenarios such as apartments. Small photovoltaic energy storage systems are limited by balcony area and can mostly be configured to less than 2KW, which cannot meet the actual household electricity demand and leads to waste due to idle power when there is no demand for electricity. Summary of the Invention This invention provides an energy router and its power supply branch switching method, which addresses the problem that current photovoltaic energy storage systems cannot perform fine-grained management of electrical energy by providing two switchable power supply branches to achieve fine-grained management of photovoltaic power in multi-user scenarios. An energy router according to the present invention comprises: The green energy input port is used to connect to the green energy power supply system to form a green energy branch, and is connected to the load output port through the first relay group; The mains input port is used to connect to the power grid system to form a power grid branch, and is connected to the load output port through the second relay group; A load output port is used to connect to the user's load circuit to form a load branch, which is powered by a green energy branch and/or a grid branch; wherein the green energy branch and the grid branch are two different power supply branches; and The microcontroller (MCU) is used to control the on/off state of the first and second relay groups. Preferably, when switching between different power supply branches, the microcontroller (MCU) generates corresponding action instructions based on the received switching instructions to realize the on/off control of the first and second relay groups. The action instructions include, The microcontroller (MCU) generates a first instruction when it detects that the input voltages at the mains input port and the green energy input port have the same phase sequence and phase. This first instruction is used to control the first or second relay group at the corresponding power supp