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WO-2026093397-A1 - REACTOR

WO2026093397A1WO 2026093397 A1WO2026093397 A1WO 2026093397A1WO-2026093397-A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a reactor (1; 30; 40) comprising: a reactor container (4) in which a fluidized bed (6) or a moving bed or a fluid bed can be formed; and an electric heating device for heating the fluidized bed (6) or the moving bed or the fluid bed. A functional element (10; 20) of the electric heating device, to which functional element an electrical voltage is applied for heating the fluidized bed (6) or the moving bed or the fluid bed, is arranged outside the fluidized bed (6) or the moving bed or the fluid bed and is vibration-damped or vibration-decoupled with respect to vibrations excited by the fluidized bed (6) or the moving bed or the fluid bed.

Inventors

  • NELLES, FELIX
  • Karl, Jürgen
  • TREIBER, PETER
  • Wondra, Christian

Assignees

  • Litherm Technologies GmbH

Dates

Publication Date
20260507
Application Date
20251029
Priority Date
20241030

Claims (20)

  1. 1. Reactor (1 ; 30; 40) with a reactor vessel (4) in which a fluidized bed (6) or a moving bed or a fluidized bed can be formed, and an electric heating device for heating the fluidized bed (6) or the moving bed or the fluidized bed, characterized in that a functional element (10; 20) of the electric heating device, which is subjected to an electrical voltage for heating the fluidized bed (6) or the moving bed or the fluidized bed, is arranged outside the fluidized bed (6) or the moving bed or the fluidized bed and is arranged in a vibration-damped or vibration-decoupled manner relative to vibrations excited by the fluidized bed (6) or the moving bed or the fluidized bed.
  2. 2. Reactor (1 ; 30) according to claim 1 , characterized in that the functional element (10) is designed as a resistance heating element and is shielded from the fluidized bed (6) or the moving bed or the fluidized bed by means of a shielding element (8) penetrating into or passing through the fluidized bed (6) or the moving bed or the fluidized bed.
  3. 3. Reactor (1 ; 30) according to claim 2, characterized in that the resistance heating element is arranged without contact to the shielding element (8).
  4. 4. Reactor (1 ; 30) according to claim 3, characterized in that the shielding element (8) is made of a heat-resistant material, in particular metal and/or a ceramic material.
  5. 5. Reactor (1 ; 30) according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that at least one temperature sensor is provided in and/or inside the shielding element (8).
  6. 6. Reactor (1; 30) according to one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that the shielding element (8) is open at one end and closed at the other End closed tube which extends with its closed end into the fluidized bed (6) or the moving bed or the flowing bed, or is a tube open at both ends which penetrates the fluidized bed (6) or the moving bed or the flowing bed.
  7. 7. Reactor (1 ; 30) according to claim 6, wherein the shielding element (8) is a tube open at both ends that penetrates the fluidized bed (6) or the moving bed or the fluidized bed, wherein the tube and the resistance heating element are arranged vertically or obliquely.
  8. 8. Reactor (1 ; 30) according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that a bushing (14), in particular a ceramic bushing, is located in each open tube end, at least partially filling the distance between the resistance heating element and the tube.
  9. 9. Reactor (1 ; 30) according to claim 8, characterized in that the bushing (14) is designed to dampen vibrations.
  10. 10. Reactor (1 ; 30) according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the bushing (14) forms a fixed bearing or floating bearing for the resistance heating element.
  11. 11. Reactor (1 ; 30) according to one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that the bushing (14) has one or more notches and/or grooves.
  12. 12. Reactor (1 ; 30) according to one of claims 2 to 10, characterized in that the resistance heating element is mounted in a bearing arranged laterally outside the reactor vessel (4).
  13. 13. Reactor (1 ; 30) according to claim 12, characterized in that the bearing, in particular vibration-damped, is supported on a foundation. FN0709P-WG-0007 18 / 19
  14. 14. Reactor (1 ; 30) according to one of claims 6 to 13, characterized in that the tube has an electrically insulating inner coating (11 ).
  15. 15. Reactor (1 ; 30) according to one of claims 6 to 14, characterized by an electrically insulating protective tube arranged between the resistance heating element and the tube.
  16. 16. Reactor (1 ; 30) according to one of claims 2 to 15, characterized in that a gas or gas mixture is present in the shielding element (8) and/or the shielding element (8) is permeable to a gas or gas mixture.
  17. 17. Reactor (1 ; 30) according to claim 16, characterized in that the gas is a noble gas, air, nitrogen or carbon dioxide or the gas mixture consists of at least 40% by volume of a noble gas.
  18. 18. Reactor (1 ; 30) according to claim 17, characterized in that the remaining volume fractions of the gas mixture consist of carbon dioxide and/or nitrogen.
  19. 19. Reactor (40) according to claim 1 , characterized in that the functional element (10; 20) is an inductive heating element or a resistance heating element arranged outside the reactor vessel (4), and a heat tube (18) is arranged between the functional element (10; 20) and the fluidized bed (6).
  20. 20. Reactor (40) according to claim 19, characterized in that the electrical heating device has thermal insulation. ```

Description

Description reactor The invention relates to a reactor, in particular a fluidized bed reactor or moving bed reactor, with a reactor vessel in which a fluidized bed or a moving bed or a fluidized bed can be formed, and an electric heating device for heating the fluidized bed or the moving bed or the fluidized bed. Fluidized bed and moving bed reactors from the field of thermal process engineering are generally known from the prior art. These reactors can be used, for example, for pyrolysis, calcination of carbonates, thermochemical gasification of carbon-containing materials, sintering of limestone, sintering of cement clinker, or sintering of iron ore pellets. The endothermic reactions taking place within a fluidized bed or moving bed in these reactors occur at high temperatures over a long operating period and require a continuous and reliable energy input in the form of heat. In the prior art, fluidized beds are heated, for example, by coupling the fluidized bed reactor with a combustion chamber, which is often also designed as a fluidized bed combustion chamber. Such dual fluidized bed reactors have become established in the field of biomass gasification as Dual Fluidized Bed gasifiers (DFBs) and in the field of CO2 capture from flue gases as carbonate looping processes. Furthermore, it is known to heat the fluidized bed inductively or to integrate electrodes into the fluidized bed and heat the conductive fluidized bed material by applying a voltage. From publication WO 2011/026629 A2, a fluidized bed reactor for the production of pyrolysis gas and/or synthesis gas from essentially solid fuels, in particular biomass, is known, which has an electric heating device for heating a fluidized bed reactor formed in the fluidized bed reactor. The electric heating device can include an electric resistance heating element in the form of a tube, arranged within the fluidized bed, with an electrical voltage applied to its ends. The tube can be considered a energized functional element of the electric heating device. Furthermore, the tube forms porous sections through which gas, particularly oxygen-containing gas, introduced into the tube can be preheated. The introduced gas can contribute to further heat release through oxidation with a combustible gas, such as pyrolysis gas or synthesis gas. The arrangement of the electrical resistance heating element within the fluidized bed, as shown in WO 2011/026629 A2, has the disadvantage that the unavoidable movements of the fluidized bed material are transmitted to the fluidized bed reactor, i.e., a fluidized bed reactor vessel and the resistance heating element located within the fluidized bed, and can cause oscillations or vibrations that can lead to mechanical failure of the resistance heating element after only a short operating period. A further problem arising from the resistance heating element being located within the fluidized bed is that slag formed from the carbon-containing feedstock and the bed material can be deposited on the resistance heating element due to its high surface temperatures. These slag deposits can negatively affect heat transfer from the resistance heating element to the fluidized bed, as well as damage the resistance heating element and lead to failure after only a short operating period. Finally, it is known that at very high temperatures, leakage currents can occur between the electrical resistance heating element and the fluidized bed reactor vessel, which can become unacceptably high and negatively affect measuring instruments or endanger operating personnel. Starting from the fluidized bed reactor shown in WO 2011/026629 A2, the object of the present invention is to provide a reactor with a reactor vessel in which a fluidized bed or a moving bed or a flow bed can be formed, and to provide an electric heating device for heating the fluidized bed or moving bed or fluidized bed, which can reduce or prevent the transmission of vibrations excited by the fluidized bed or moving bed or fluidized bed to a live functional element of the electric heating device and prevent slag deposits on the functional element. The problem is solved by a reactor having the features according to independent claim 1. The dependent claims relate to advantageous embodiments. A reactor according to the invention comprises a reactor vessel in which a fluidized bed, a moving bed, or a fluidized bed can be formed, and an electric heating device for heating the fluidized bed, the moving bed, or the fluidized bed. A functional element of the electric heating device, which is subjected to an electrical voltage for heating the fluidized bed, the moving bed, or the fluidized bed, is arranged outside the fluidized bed, the moving bed, or the fluidized bed and is vibration-damped or vibration-decoupled from vibrations excited by the fluidized bed, the moving bed, or the fluidized bed. The reactor according to the invention can be used, for example, for pyrolysis, calcination