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WO-2026093773-A1 - ELECTROLYTE, LITHIUM-ION BATTERY AND ELECTRICAL DEVICE

WO2026093773A1WO 2026093773 A1WO2026093773 A1WO 2026093773A1WO-2026093773-A1

Abstract

Provided is an electrolyte for a lithium-ion battery. The electrolyte includes a lithium salt, a solvent, a first additive having a structure of Formula I, and a second additive being anhydride, where is C 3 -C 6 cycloalkane or C 3 -C 6 cycloalkene, R 1 is selected from a group comprising -H, -C 1-4 alkyl, -C 1-4 fluoroalkyl, -C 2-4 alkenyl, and -C 2-4 fluoroalkenyl, R 2 is selected from a group comprising -C 1-4 alkyl, -C 1-4 fluoroalkyl, -C 2-6 alkenyl and -C 2-6 fluoroalkeny, and n is 0 or 1, and in which at least one of, R 1 , and R 2 contains one or more unsaturated bond.

Inventors

  • QIAN, YI
  • BOROS, Renáta Zsanett
  • MIHALKÓ, Andrea
  • YU, Caimei

Assignees

  • BORSODCHEM ZRT
  • WANHUA CHEMICAL (YANTAI) BATTERY MATERIAL SCIENCE CO., LTD

Dates

Publication Date
20260507
Application Date
20241030

Claims (14)

  1. 1. An electrolyte for a lithium-ion battery, comprising: a lithium salt, a solvent, a first additive having a structure of Formula I a second additive being anhydride, wherein O is C3-C6 cycloalkane or C3-C6 cycloalkene, Ri is selected from a group comprising -H, -C1-4 alkyl, -C1-4 fluoroalkyl, -C2-4 alkenyl, and -C2-4 fluoroalkenyl, R2 is selected from a group comprising -C1-4 alkyl, -C1-4 fluoroalkyl, -C2-6 alkenyl and -C2-6 fluoroalkeny, and n is 0 or 1, and wherein at least one of O, Ri, and R2 contains one or more unsaturated bond.
  2. 2. The electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein k contains one or more unsaturated bond.
  3. 3. The electrolyte according to claim 2, wherein Ri contains one or more unsaturated bond, and/or R2 contains one or more unsaturated bond.
  4. 4. The electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein J i s selected from a group comprising wherein kJ i s substituted with RI at 1’ end.
  5. 5. The electrolyte according to claim 4, wherein Ri is -H or isopropenyl, and R2 is 1 -propenyl, ethyl, or isopropyl.
  6. 6. The electrolyte according to claim 4, wherein the first additive is selected from a group comprising P139474-19679
  7. 7. The electrolyte according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the second additive has a structure of Formula II, wherein R3, together with the carbon atoms to which it is attached, form cyclopropyl, partially- or fully- fluorinated cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, partially- or fully- fluorinated cyclobutyl, cyclohexyl, partially- or fully- fluorinated cyclohexyl, methylcyclohexyl, phenyl, partially- or fully- fluorinated phenyl, methylphenyl, partially- or fully- fluorinated methylphenyl, cyclohexeny, pyridyl, imidazolyl, thiophenyl, or furanyl.
  8. 8. The electrolyte according to claim 7, wherein the second additive is selected from a group comprising Formulas Ila to Ilh, P139474-19679
  9. 9. The electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein the electrolyte comprises the first additive at an amount of 0.2% to 5% and the second additive at an amount of 0.1% to 2.5%, based on a total mass of the electrolyte, optionally, the electrolyte comprises the first additive at an amount of 0.3% to 1% and the second additive at an amount of 0.1% to 0.8%, based on a total mass of the electrolyte.
  10. 10. The electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein the lithium salt is selected from a group comprising lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium bisfluorosulfonimide, lithium bistrifluoromethanesulfonimidate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium perchlorate, lithium tetrafluoro(oxalate)phosphate, lithium bis(oxalate)borate, lithium difluoro(oxalate)borate, lithium trioxalate phosphate, and lithium difluorodioxalate phosphate, optionally, the electrolyte comprises the lithium salt at an amount of 5% to 20% based on a total mass of the electrolyte, optionally, the electrolyte comprises the lithium salt at an amount of 10% to 16% based on a total mass of the electrolyte.
  11. 11. The electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein the solvent is selected from a group comprising a C3-6 carbonate compound, a C3-8 carboxylate compound, a sulfone compound, and an ether compound, optionally, the electrolyte comprises the solvent at an amount of 70% to 92% based on a total mass of the electrolyte.
  12. 12. The electrolyte according to claim 1, comprising a third additive selected from vinylene carbonate, 1,3- propane sultone, fluoroethylene carbonate, tris (trimethylsilyl) phosphate, tris (trimethylsilyl) borate, ethylene sulfate, methylene methanedisulfonate, lithium difluorophosphate, ethoxy(pentafluoro)cyclotriphosphazene, and butanedinitrile, optionally, the electrolyte comprises the third additive at an amount of 0.2% to 5% based on a total mass of the electrolyte.
  13. 13. A lithium-ion battery comprising the electrolyte according to any one of claims 1 to 12.
  14. 14. An electrical device comprising the lithium-ion battery according to claim 13.

Description

P139474-19679 ELECTROLYTE, LITHIUM-ION BATTERY AND ELECTRICAL DEVICE FIELD The present disclosure relates to the technical field of lithium-ion battery, and more particularly to an electrolyte, a lithium-ion battery and an electrical device. BACKGROUND A lithium-ion battery is widely used in electronics, electric vehicles, distributed energy storage, and other fields due to its advantages of high energy density, high output power, long cycling life, and low environmental pollution. Electrolyte, as the “blood” of the lithium-ion battery, has a significant impact on the performance of the lithium-ion battery through its interaction with positive and negative electrodes. In recent years, the global climate has been changing. The requirements for the lithium-ion battery are becoming increasingly stringent. When exposed to high-temperature conditions, the electrolyte decomposes under the catalysis of Lewis acids such as phosphorus pentafluoride and the side reactions of the electrolyte accelerate, increasing gas production, thereby decreasing the service life of the lithium-ion battery reversible capacity of the lithium-ion battery. The additive combination in the related art forms a passivation film on the active material with higher internal resistance and increasing thickness with cycling, which significantly compromises the safety and performance of the lithium-ion battery during cycling and storage under high-temperature conditions. SUMMARY Embodiments of the present disclosure seek to solve at least one of the problems existing in the related art to at least some extent. In view of the above, the present disclosure provides in embodiments an electrolyte, a lithium-ion battery and an electrical device. In a first aspect, there is provided in embodiments an electrolyte for a lithium-ion battery, including: a lithium salt, a solvent, a first additive having a structure of Formula I second additive being anhydride, where is C3-C6 cycloalkane or C3-C6 cycloalkene, Ri is selected from a group comprising -H, -C1-4 alkyl, -C1-4 fluoroalkyl, -C2-4 alkenyl, and -C2-4 fluoroalkenyl, R2 is selected from a group comprising -C1-4 alkyl, -C1-4 fluoroalkyl, -C2-6 alkenyl and -C2-6 fluoroalkeny, and n is 0 or 1, and in which at least one of O, Rb and R2 contains one or more unsaturated bond. P139474-19679 According to the embodiments of the present disclosure, the first additive contained in the electrolyte, which has a sulfonic ester group, forms lithium alkyl sulfonate on the anode active material of the lithium-ion battery during a formation process, contributing to the formation of a sulfur-rich interface fdm with high ionic conductivity. In addition, the first additive contains the ring structure and the unsaturated bond, allowing it to preferentially undergo ring-opening polymerization and/or addition polymerization on the surface of the electrode active material of the lithium-ion battery, compared to the solvent (such as Ethylene Carbonate (EC)). This process forms a high- temperature resistant interface film that isolates the electrode active material from the electrolyte, inhibits side reactions, and reduces the consumption of the electrolyte and active lithium ions. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, O contains one or more unsaturated bond. According to the embodiments of the present disclosure, the unsaturated bond on O may be easy to induce the ring -opening reaction of the O ? and the first additive may perform the ring -opening polymerization or the addition polymerization on a position of ring-opened O , which further improves a polymerization efficiency, and thus accelerates the formation of the interface fdm. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, Ri contains one or more unsaturated bond, and/or R2 contains one or more unsaturated bond. According to the embodiments of the present disclosure, the first additive with such structure may have more polymerization sites for performing the ring-opening polymerization and the addition polymerization, thus further accelerating the polymerization efficiency. The interface fdm formed on the electrode surfaces is faster and denser, which may better protect the electrodes, inhibit side reactions, and reduce the consumption of the electrolyte and active lithium ions. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, O is selected from a group including substituted with Rl at 1’ end. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, Ri is -H or isopropenyl, and R2 is 1 -propenyl, ethyl, or isopropyl. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the first additive is selected from a group comprising Formulas la to II, P139474-19679 In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the second additive has a structure of Formula II, where R3, together with the carbon atoms to which it is attached, form cyclopropyl, partially- or fully- fluorinated cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, partially- or fully- fluorinated cyclobutyl, cyclohexyl, partially- or fully